Atkinson Rachel, Berru Sayby, Delgado Laura, Yovera Fredy, Berru James, Robledo Yeny, Cruz Gaston
Multifunctional Landscapes, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Lima, Peru.
Cooperativa Agraria Norandino, Piura, Peru.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2023 Apr;40(4):508-517. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2187646. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
Maximum levels of acrylamide have been set by the European Commission (EU) 2017/2158 for several food products due to its carcinogenic properties. Although not regulated yet, European buyers are requesting maximum levels of 0.8 mg kg in artisanal panela (raw cane sugar) from northern Peru. Panela in this area is produced by 600 small holder farmers and exportation guarantees a respectable price in an area with a high index of poverty. The objective here was to determine the cause of high acrylamide concentrations in panela to inform cost effective minimisation strategies. We monitored panela production from field to final product to understand the scale of the problem, identify the cause of acrylamide formation, as well as the effect of storage on its concentration. We also determined the utility of rapid kits for asparagine quantification. Our results indicate that high acrylamide levels are a widespread problem (85% of samples analysed) and there was a correlation between acrylamide and asparagine of R = 0.58 ( < 0.001), but not with any post-harvest processing variable. We estimate that with a concentration of asparagine of <0.1 g l in sugarcane juice, the threshold set by buyers for acrylamide can be met. Potential solutions to reduce asparagine include varietal selection, improved agronomic practices and the use of asparaginase during panela production. However, any proposed measure should be applicable in the context of the rural Peru. Additionally, we confirm the utility of rapid and low-cost kits for measuring asparagine. This pioneering study provides a baseline for effective management for acrylamide minimization in panela.
由于丙烯酰胺具有致癌特性，欧盟委员会（EU）2017/2158号法规已针对多种食品设定了其最高限量。尽管尚未制定相关规定，但欧洲买家要求秘鲁北部手工制作的粗蔗糖（原蔗糖）中丙烯酰胺的最高含量为0.8毫克/千克。该地区的粗蔗糖由600名小农户生产，出口能保证在这个贫困率较高的地区获得可观的价格。本研究的目的是确定粗蔗糖中丙烯酰胺浓度过高的原因，以便制定具有成本效益的降低策略。我们监测了从田间到最终产品的粗蔗糖生产过程，以了解问题的规模，确定丙烯酰胺形成的原因以及储存对其浓度的影响。我们还测定了用于天冬酰胺定量的快速检测试剂盒的效用。我们的结果表明，丙烯酰胺含量过高是一个普遍存在的问题（85%的分析样品存在该问题），并且丙烯酰胺与天冬酰胺之间存在相关性，相关系数R = 0.58（P < 0.001），但与任何收获后加工变量均无相关性。我们估计，当甘蔗汁中天冬酰胺的浓度低于0.1克/升时，能够达到买家设定的丙烯酰胺限量标准。降低天冬酰胺含量的潜在解决方案包括品种选择、改进农艺措施以及在粗蔗糖生产过程中使用天冬酰胺酶。然而，任何提议的措施都应适用于秘鲁农村地区的实际情况。此外，我们证实了快速低成本检测试剂盒在测定天冬酰胺方面的效用。这项开创性研究为有效管理粗蔗糖中丙烯酰胺含量最低化提供了一个基线。
