RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2023 Jun;19(6):859-872. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.02.012. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Pharmaceutical spending on prescription drug promotion is considerable, and exposure to advertising can influence demand and behavior. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides industry guidance to help ensure that communications to consumers and health care providers about prescription drug promotion are truthful, balanced, and accurately communicated. As empirical research has accelerated on this topic in the past decade, an understanding of the current landscape of the science will help inform future research.
Using systematic methods, this rigorous scoping review of the literature over the past decade (2012-2021) (1) examined the extent to which prescription drug promotion has been empirically investigated with consumers, patients, and health care providers; (2) examined the extent to which content and features of prescription drug promotion have been empirically investigated; and (3) identified themes across the literature to better understand the current landscape of prescription drug promotion.
Databases searched include PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Business Source Corporate, Communication Source, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for original research published in English from January 1, 2012, through November 10, 2021, using terms related to direct-to-consumer advertising, prescription drugs, and outcomes of interest (e.g., attitudes, perceptions, intentions, behaviors).
Of 804 screened references, 151 studies addressed the first research question, and 40 studies addressed the second. The most common theme across the body of evidence focused on testing of features and content in prescription drug promotional materials (84), followed by studies examining attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors toward prescription drug promotion more generally (43). Some (27) studies focused on targeted populations, such as patients, the elderly, non-English speaking people or individuals of a non-white race/ethnicity. Twenty-four studies assessed influence of exposure to prescription drug promotion on actual clinical outcomes, while 11 studies examined emerging technologies around prescription drug promotion. Seven studies evaluated the extent to which prescription drug promotion complied with existing guidelines and requirements.
Findings from this scoping review suggest there has been an increase in the number of empirical studies conducted on prescription drug promotion over the past decade. Potential areas that warrant further study include examination of emerging technologies, an expanded focus on targeted populations, and construct measurement.
制药公司在处方药推广上的支出相当可观，而广告的曝光可能会影响需求和行为。美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 提供行业指南，以帮助确保向消费者和医疗保健提供者传达的关于处方药推广的信息是真实、平衡和准确的。随着过去十年在这一主题上的实证研究加速，对当前科学领域的了解将有助于为未来的研究提供信息。
本研究使用系统方法，对过去十年（2012-2021 年）的文献进行了严格的范围审查，（1）考察了实证研究消费者、患者和医疗保健提供者对处方药推广的程度；（2）考察了处方药推广的内容和特征的实证研究程度；（3）确定文献中的主题，以更好地了解当前处方药推广的现状。
数据库检索包括 PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、APA PsycInfo、Business Source Corporate、Communication Source、Cochrane Library 和 ClinicalTrials.gov，检索了 2012 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 11 月 10 日期间以英文发表的与直接面向消费者的广告、处方药和感兴趣的结果（如态度、看法、意图、行为）相关的原始研究。
在 804 篇筛选文献中，151 篇研究解决了第一个研究问题，40 篇研究解决了第二个问题。证据主体中最常见的主题是测试处方药促销材料的特征和内容（84 篇），其次是更广泛地研究对处方药推广的态度、看法和行为（43 篇）。一些（27 篇）研究侧重于特定人群，如患者、老年人、非英语人士或非白种人。24 项研究评估了接触处方药推广对实际临床结果的影响，11 项研究考察了围绕处方药推广的新兴技术。七项研究评估了处方药推广在多大程度上符合现有准则和要求。
本范围审查的结果表明，过去十年中关于处方药推广的实证研究数量有所增加。进一步研究的潜在领域包括检查新兴技术、扩大对特定人群的关注以及构建测量。
