Faculty of Educational Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
J Adolesc. 2023 Jul;95(5):893-906. doi: 10.1002/jad.12162. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Adolescence is characterized by multiple biopsychosocial changes, associated with a high intraindividual variability of emotional experiences. Previous findings suggest that this intraindividual variability is reflected in a recall bias of adolescents' emotion reports. However, corresponding findings are scarce and inconclusive. Studies on predictors of recall bias in adulthood indicate that personality traits, especially neuroticism and extraversion, as well as specific internalizing disorders might affect recall bias of emotion reports.
The sample consists of 118 Swiss adolescent students in grade 8 and 9 (M = 15.15, SD = 0.89). The students' momentary affective experience was recorded using smartphones over seven consecutive days in situ at 42 randomly generated occasions (six per day), with a total of 1059 protocols on current events. At the end of the experience-sampling phase, students filled out an online questionnaire, providing information about their personality and typical behavior as well as their retrospective affective experience. In addition, the students' behavior was evaluated by their teachers. We applied two-level structural equation modeling with latent difference variables.
Adolescents high in extraversion showed retrospective overestimation of positive affective experiences and underestimation of negative affective experiences. Adolescents with high neuroticism tended to overestimate negative affect retrospectively, showing no significant effects for positive affect. However, internalizing behavior did not predict a negative recall bias in adolescents' affective experience.
Retrospective self-reports about adolescents' affective experience are biased by relatively stable individual factors, whereas less stable individual factors did not seem to have any influence.
青春期的特点是多种生物心理社会变化，与情绪体验的个体内高度可变性相关。先前的研究结果表明，这种个体内的可变性反映在青少年情绪报告的回忆偏差中。然而，相应的研究结果很少且不一致。关于成年人回忆偏差预测因素的研究表明，人格特质，尤其是神经质和外向性，以及特定的内化障碍可能会影响情绪报告的回忆偏差。
该样本由 118 名瑞士 8 年级和 9 年级的青少年学生组成（M = 15.15，SD = 0.89）。学生在现场使用智能手机在 7 天内连续记录 42 个随机生成的时间点（每天 6 个）的即时情感体验，共有 1059 个关于当前事件的协议。在体验采样阶段结束时，学生们在线填写了一份问卷，提供了有关他们的个性和典型行为以及他们的回顾性情感体验的信息。此外，学生的行为还由他们的老师进行了评估。我们应用了两层结构方程模型和潜在差异变量。
外向型青少年的回顾性积极情感体验存在高估，消极情感体验存在低估。神经质程度较高的青少年往往会对负面情绪进行回顾性高估，而对正面情绪则没有显著影响。然而，内化行为并没有预测青少年情感体验的负面回忆偏差。
青少年情感体验的回顾性自我报告受到相对稳定的个体因素的影响，而不太稳定的个体因素似乎没有任何影响。
