Dr. de Carvalho is a lecturer, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Centro Educacional das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Dr. Arima is a researcher, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Pediatr Dent. 2022 Nov 15;44(6):425-433.
To assess the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in primary teeth and maternal-associated factors. This cross-sectional study included 336 two- to four-year-old children who attended the National Day of Children's Vaccination in São Paulo State, Brazil. The modified DDE index was used for diagnosis. Mothers completed sociodemographic and health questionnaires. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of DDE was 50.6 percent. The most frequent defects were demarcated opacities (45.0 percent), diffuse (36.0 percent) opacities, and hypoplasia (5.8 percent). White opacities were predominant (64.8 percent) in the teeth with defects, followed by cream (20.4 percent), yellow (5.2 percent), and brown (1.9 percent). Most defects involved less than one-third of the tooth surface (80.2 percent). The prevalence of DDE was associated with maternal-child factors such as alcohol consumption during pregnancy (prevalence ratio [PR] equals 1.27; 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 1.03 to 1.55), child hospitalization for infectious disease in the first year of life (PR equals 1.32; 95% CI equals 1.05 to 1.67), and breastfeeding for the first 12 months of life (PR equals 0.53; 95% CI equals 0.45 to 0.62). Developmental defects of enamel showed high prevalence and mild severity in the primary dentition. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and child hospitalization for infectious diseases in the first year of life were associated with an increased prevalence of DDE. Moreover, children who breastfed for 12 months had a lower prevalence of DDE in primary teeth.
评估乳牙发育性牙釉质缺陷（DDE）的流行率和严重程度及其与母体相关的因素。本横断面研究纳入了 336 名 2 至 4 岁在巴西圣保罗州参加全国儿童日疫苗接种的儿童。采用改良的 DDE 指数进行诊断。母亲完成社会人口学和健康问卷。进行描述性和泊松回归分析。DDE 的患病率为 50.6%。最常见的缺陷是边界不透明（45.0%）、弥漫性（36.0%）不透明和发育不全（5.8%）。有缺陷的牙齿中，白色不透明（64.8%）最为常见，其次是奶油色（20.4%）、黄色（5.2%）和棕色（1.9%）。大多数缺陷涉及不到三分之一的牙面（80.2%）。DDE 的患病率与母婴因素相关，如孕期饮酒（患病率比[PR]等于 1.27；95%置信区间[95%CI]等于 1.03 至 1.55）、儿童在生命的第一年因传染病住院（PR 等于 1.32；95%CI 等于 1.05 至 1.67）和生命的前 12 个月母乳喂养（PR 等于 0.53；95%CI 等于 0.45 至 0.62）。乳牙发育性牙釉质缺陷的流行率较高，严重程度较轻。孕期饮酒和儿童在生命的第一年因传染病住院与 DDE 的患病率增加相关。此外，母乳喂养 12 个月的儿童乳牙的 DDE 患病率较低。
