Rios Rado Wilfredo Manuel, Chipa Guillen Paola Katherine, Huamán Borda Dione, Vélez Marroquín Víctor, Gere José Ignacio, Antezana Julián Walter Orestes, Fernández Carlos
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 733, Cusco 921, Peru.
Estación IVITA-Maranganí, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Cusco 08258, Peru.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar 10;13(6):1011. doi: 10.3390/ani13061011.
Peru has the largest inventory of alpacas worldwide. Despite their importance as a source of net income for rural communities living at the Andean Plateau, data on energy requirements and methane (CH) emissions for alpacas are particularly lacking. In 2019, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; 2006, and Refinement 2019) outlined methods for estimating CH emissions from enteric fermentation and no methane (CH) conversion factors were reported for camelids. IPCC has since updated its guidelines for estimating CH emissions from the enteric fermentation of livestock at a national scale. For greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory purposes, conversion factors were developed for ruminants but not for domestic South American camelids (SAC), with this category including alpacas. A mobile open-circuit respirometry system (head hood) for the rapid determination of CH and CO production, O consumption, and thereafter, heat production (HP) for camelids was built and validated. In addition, an experimental test with eight alpacas was conducted for validation purposes. The average HP measured by indirect calorimetry (respiratory quotient (RQ) method) was close to the average HP determined from the carbon-nitrogen balance (CN method); 402 kJ/kg BW and 398 kJ/kg BW, respectively. Fasting HP was determined by the RQ method and 250 kJ/kg BW was obtained. The metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) was calculated to be 323 kJ/kg BW with an efficiency of energy utilization of 77%. When intake was adjusted to zero energy retention by linear regression, the MEm requirement increased to 369 kJ/kg BW and the efficiency decreased up to 68%. The CH conversion factor (Y) was 5.5% on average. Further research is required to gain a better understanding of the energy requirements and CH emissions of alpacas in conditions of the Andean Plateau and to quantify them with greater accuracy.
秘鲁拥有全球最大的羊驼存栏量。尽管羊驼对于生活在安第斯高原的农村社区来说是净收入的重要来源，但关于羊驼能量需求和甲烷（CH₄）排放的数据却尤为缺乏。2019年，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC；2006年及2019年修订版）概述了估算反刍动物肠道发酵产生的CH₄排放的方法，且未报告骆驼科动物的甲烷（CH₄）转换因子。此后，IPCC更新了其在国家层面估算家畜肠道发酵产生的CH₄排放的指南。出于温室气体（GHG）清单编制目的，已为反刍动物制定了转换因子，但未为包括羊驼在内的南美家养骆驼科动物（SAC）制定。构建并验证了一种用于快速测定骆驼科动物CH₄和CO₂产生量、O₂消耗量以及随后的产热量（HP）的移动式开路呼吸测定系统（头罩）。此外，为了验证目的，对八只羊驼进行了实验测试。通过间接测热法（呼吸商（RQ）法）测得的平均HP接近通过碳氮平衡（CN法）确定的平均HP；分别为402 kJ/kg体重和398 kJ/kg体重。通过RQ法测定的禁食HP为250 kJ/kg体重。维持代谢能需求（MEm）经计算为323 kJ/kg体重，能量利用效率为77%。当通过线性回归将摄入量调整为零能量保留时，MEm需求增加至369 kJ/kg体重，效率降至68%。CH₄转换因子（Y）平均为5.5%。需要进一步开展研究，以便更好地了解安第斯高原条件下羊驼的能量需求和CH₄排放，并更准确地对其进行量化。
