Department of Normal Physiology named after N.Y. Belenkov, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
J Integr Neurosci. 2023 Feb 16;22(2):35. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2202035.
Some individuals exhibit symptoms that resemble schizophrenia, but these manifestations are less in the degree to those seen in schizophrenia. Such a latent personality construct has been called schizotypy. It is known that schizotypal personality traits have an impact on cognitive control and semantic processing. The present study aimed to examine whether visual verbal information processing is modulated by enhancement of top-down processes applied to different words within one phrase in subjects with schizotypal personality traits. The tasks employed were based on differences in the involvement of cognitive control in visual verbal information processing and hypothesized that subjects with schizotypal traits would demonstrate failure in top-down modulation of word processing within a phrase.
Forty-eight healthy undergraduate students were enrolled in the study. Participants were screened for schizotypy with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Word combinations consisting of an attribute and a noun were used as stimuli. Participants were asked to categorize one word in a phrase and to passively read the other word in the pair. To obtain neurophysiological data during task performance, the event-related brain potential N400 was measured.
In the low schizotypy scores group, an increased N400 amplitude was revealed for both attributes and nouns during passive reading compared to categorization. This effect was not observed in the high schizotypy scores group; therefore, word processing was modulated weakly by the experimental task in subjects with schizotypal personality traits.
Changes observed in schizotypy can be regarded as a failure in top-down modulation of word processing within a phrase.
一些个体表现出类似于精神分裂症的症状，但这些表现的程度较轻。这种潜在的人格结构被称为精神分裂症特质。已知精神分裂症特质会影响认知控制和语义处理。本研究旨在探讨在精神分裂症特质个体中，是否通过增强应用于一个短语内不同单词的自上而下的过程来调节视觉言语信息处理。所使用的任务基于认知控制在视觉言语信息处理中的参与程度的差异，并假设具有精神分裂症特质的个体在短语内的单词处理中表现出自上而下的调节失败。
共有 48 名健康的大学生参与了这项研究。参与者使用精神分裂症人格问卷进行了精神分裂症特质筛查。由属性和名词组成的单词组合被用作刺激。要求参与者对短语中的一个单词进行分类，并被动阅读对单词。为了在任务执行过程中获得神经生理数据，测量了事件相关脑电位 N400。
在低精神分裂症特质得分组中，与分类相比，被动阅读时两个属性和名词的 N400 振幅均增加。在高精神分裂症特质得分组中未观察到这种效应；因此，在具有精神分裂症特质的个体中，单词处理被实验任务弱调节。
在精神分裂症特质中观察到的变化可以被视为短语内单词处理的自上而下调节失败。
Zotero 插件