Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain.
J Nutr Biochem. 2023 Jul;117:109338. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109338. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Cafeteria (CAF) diet is known to accurately mimic the human Western diet in modern societies, thereby inducing severe obesity accompanied by drastic alterations on the gut microbiome in animal models. Notably, the dietary impact in the gut microbiota composition might be influenced by genetic factors, thus distinctively predisposing the host to pathological states such as obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the influence of strain and sex on CAF-induced microbial dysbiosis leads to distinct obese-like metabolic and phenotypic profiles. To address our hypothesis, two distinct cohorts of male Wistar and Fischer 344 rats, as well as male and female Fischer 344 animals, were chronically fed with a standard (STD) or a CAF diet for 10 weeks. The serum fasting levels of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, as well as the gut microbiota composition, were determined. CAF diet triggered hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Fischer rats, while Wistar animals developed a marked obese phenotype and severe gut microbiome dysbiosis. Furthermore, CAF diet-induced changes on gut microbiota were related to more profound alterations in body composition of female than male rats. We revealed that distinct rat strains and genders chronically consuming a free-choice CAF diet develop distinct and robust microbiota perturbations. Overall, we showed that genetic background might have a key role in diet-induced obesity, thus distinguishing the suitability of different animal models for future nutritional studies focused on gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a CAF dietary model.
自助餐（CAF）饮食以在现代社会中准确模拟人类西方饮食而闻名，从而在动物模型中诱导严重肥胖，并伴有肠道微生物组的剧烈改变。值得注意的是，饮食对肠道微生物组组成的影响可能受到遗传因素的影响，从而使宿主明显易患肥胖等病理状态。因此，我们假设菌株和性别对 CAF 诱导的微生物失调的影响导致明显的肥胖样代谢和表型特征。为了解决我们的假设，我们用标准（STD）或 CAF 饮食慢性喂养两组不同的雄性 Wistar 和 Fischer 344 大鼠以及雄性和雌性 Fischer 344 动物 10 周。测定血清空腹血糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平以及肠道微生物组组成。CAF 饮食引发 Fischer 大鼠的高甘油三酯血症和高胆固醇血症，而 Wistar 动物则表现出明显的肥胖表型和严重的肠道微生物组失调。此外，CAF 饮食诱导的肠道微生物组变化与雌性大鼠的体成分变化比雄性大鼠更为明显。我们揭示了长期摄入自由选择 CAF 饮食的不同大鼠品系和性别会导致明显而强烈的微生物群失调。总的来说，我们表明遗传背景可能在饮食诱导的肥胖中起关键作用，从而区分不同动物模型在未来以 CAF 饮食模型诱导的肠道微生物组失调为重点的营养研究中的适用性。
