Nonaka Shunsuke, Sakai Motohiro
School of Child Psychology, Tokyo Future University, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 16;14:1027498. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1027498. eCollection 2023.
Recent research has employed outing frequency, referred to in this study as one's frequency of going out of the home, as a condition to define and determine the severity of (prolonged social withdrawal). However, there is little definitive evidence on this topic. Furthermore, compared to the previous definition, it is unclear how the scope of hikikomori included in the proposed condition differs. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between hikikomori tendencies and the frequency and quality of outings to bridge this gap in research.
Data included 397 self-rated online samples, 72 self-rated offline samples, and 784 parent-rated samples. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of outings and subjective social functioning impairment were used in the analysis.
The cut-off points supported the criteria for the number of days outside the home proposed in previous studies. The results revealed that the outing frequency condition excluded about 14.5-20.6% of those previously considered to have hikikomori. Logistic regression analysis showed that low outings with interpersonal interaction, low frequency of outings, and high subjective social functioning impairment consistently predicted hikikomori. However, outings without interpersonal interaction did not predict hikikomori.
These results indicate that outing frequency tends to be suitable as one of the conditions for hikikomori. However, they indicate that we should also focus on the quality of outings, that is, outings with or without interpersonal interaction, to evaluate hikikomori consistently with previous findings. Further research is needed to clarify the appropriate frequency of outings to define hikikomori and determine its severity.
最近的研究将外出频率（在本研究中称为一个人离家外出的频率）作为定义和确定（长期社交退缩）严重程度的一个条件。然而，关于这个主题几乎没有确凿的证据。此外，与之前的定义相比，尚不清楚所提议条件中所包含的“隐蔽青年”范围有何不同。本研究旨在阐明“隐蔽青年”倾向与外出频率及质量之间的关系，以弥合这一研究差距。
数据包括397个自评在线样本、72个自评离线样本和784个家长评样本。分析中使用了外出及主观社会功能损害的定量和定性指标。
临界值支持了先前研究中提出的离家天数标准。结果显示，外出频率条件排除了约14.5 - 20.6%之前被认为有“隐蔽青年”特征的人。逻辑回归分析表明，伴有人际互动的低外出量、低外出频率和高主观社会功能损害始终能预测“隐蔽青年”特征。然而，没有人际互动的外出并不能预测“隐蔽青年”特征。
这些结果表明，外出频率倾向于适合作为“隐蔽青年”的条件之一。然而，它们表明我们还应关注外出的质量，即有无人际互动的外出，以便与先前的研究结果一致地评估“隐蔽青年”。需要进一步的研究来阐明定义“隐蔽青年”并确定其严重程度的适当外出频率。
