Bitarishvili Sofia, Dikarev Alexey, Kazakova Elizaveta, Bondarenko Ekaterina, Prazyan Alexandr, Makarenko Ekaterina, Babina Darya, Podobed Marina, Geras'kin Stanislav
Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russian Federation.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(21):59749-59764. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26523-2. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
Cadmium leads to disturbance of plant growth, and the manifestation of toxicity can vary greatly in different genotypes within one species. In this work we studied the effect of Cd on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and phytohormonal status of four barley cultivars (cvs. Simfoniya, Mestnyj, Ca 220702, Malva). According to the earlier study on seedlings, these cultivars were contrast in tolerance to Cd: Simfoniya and Mestnyj are Cd-tolerant and Ca 220702 and Malva are Cd-sensitive. The results presented showed that barley plants accumulated more Cd in straw than in grain. Tolerant cultivars accumulated significantly less Cd in grain than sensitive ones. The leaf area appeared to be a growth parameter susceptible to Cd treatment. The significant differences in leaf area values depended on Cd contamination and were not associated with cultivars' tolerance. Tolerance of cultivars was contingent on the activity of the antioxidant defense system. Indeed, activity of enzymes decreased in sensitive cultivars Ca 220702 and Malva under Cd stress. In contrast, in tolerant cultivars, increased activity of guaiacol peroxidase was revealed. The concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid mostly increased as a result of Cd treatment, while the concentrations of auxins and trans-zeatin either decreased or did not change. The results obtained indicate that antioxidant enzymes and phytohormones play an important role in the response of barley plants to elevated concentrations of cadmium; however, these parameters are not able to explain the differentiation of barley cultivars in terms of tolerance to cadmium at the seedling stage. Therefore, barley intraspecific polymorphism for cadmium resistance is determined by the interplay of antioxidant enzymes, phytohormones, and other factors that require further elucidation.
镉会导致植物生长紊乱，并且在同一物种的不同基因型中，毒性表现差异很大。在这项研究中，我们研究了镉对四个大麦品种（Simfoniya、Mestnyj、Ca 220702、Malva）生长、抗氧化酶活性和植物激素状态的影响。根据早期对幼苗的研究，这些品种对镉的耐受性存在差异：Simfoniya和Mestnyj对镉具有耐受性，而Ca 220702和Malva对镉敏感。研究结果表明，大麦植株秸秆中积累的镉比籽粒中多。耐性品种籽粒中积累的镉明显少于敏感品种。叶面积似乎是一个对镉处理敏感的生长参数。叶面积值的显著差异取决于镉污染，与品种的耐受性无关。品种的耐受性取决于抗氧化防御系统的活性。实际上，在镉胁迫下，敏感品种Ca 220702和Malva中酶的活性降低。相反，在耐性品种中，愈创木酚过氧化物酶的活性增强。镉处理后，脱落酸和水杨酸的浓度大多升高，而生长素和反式玉米素的浓度要么降低，要么不变。所得结果表明，抗氧化酶和植物激素在大麦植株对镉浓度升高的响应中起重要作用；然而，这些参数无法解释大麦品种在幼苗期对镉耐受性的差异。因此，大麦种内镉抗性多态性是由抗氧化酶、植物激素和其他需要进一步阐明的因素相互作用决定的。
