Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Beijing 100012, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Mar 31;23(7):3659. doi: 10.3390/s23073659.
Due to its exceptional advantages, such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, and good fatigue resistance, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is frequently utilized in aerospace, aviation, automotive, rail transportation, and other areas. Composite components typically need to be joined and integrated. In the equipment manufacturing industry, the most used methods for processing composite components are cutting, drilling, and surface treatment. The quality of CFRP is significantly impacted by traditional mechanical processing, causing flaws like delamination, burrs, and tears. Laser processing technology has emerged as a crucial method for processing CFRP for its high quality, non-contact, simple control, and automation features. The most recent research on the laser processing of CFRP is presented in this paper, supporting scientists and engineers who work in the field in using this unconventional manufacturing technique. This paper gives a general overview of the key features of laser processing technology and the numerous machining techniques available. The concepts and benefits of laser processing technology are discussed in terms of the material properties, mode of operation, and laser characteristics, as well as the methods to achieve high efficiency, low damage, and high precision. This paper reviews the research development of laser processing of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, and a summary of the factors affecting the quality of CFRP laser processing. Therefore, the research content of this article can be used as a theoretical basis for reducing thermal damage and improving the processing quality of laser-processed composite materials, while, on this basis, we analyze the development trend of CFRP laser processing technology.
由于碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)具有比强度高、比模量高、抗疲劳性能好等优异性能,因此经常被用于航空航天、汽车、铁路运输等领域。复合材料构件通常需要进行连接和集成。在设备制造行业中,加工复合材料构件最常用的方法是切割、钻孔和表面处理。传统的机械加工方法对 CFRP 的质量有很大的影响,会导致分层、毛刺和撕裂等缺陷。激光加工技术因其高质量、非接触、简单控制和自动化等特点,已成为加工 CFRP 的重要方法。本文介绍了最近关于 CFRP 激光加工的研究,为从事该领域工作的科学家和工程师提供了使用这种非常规制造技术的支持。本文概述了激光加工技术的关键特点和多种加工技术。从材料性能、工作模式和激光特性以及实现高效率、低损伤和高精度的方法等方面讨论了激光加工技术的概念和优势。本文综述了碳纤维增强塑料激光加工的研究进展,并对影响 CFRP 激光加工质量的因素进行了总结。因此,本文的研究内容可作为减少热损伤和提高激光加工复合材料质量的理论基础,在此基础上,我们分析了 CFRP 激光加工技术的发展趋势。