累积生活事件压力对美国黑人和白人的日常压力暴露和心血管反应性的影响。
Implications of Cumulative Life Event Stress for Daily Stress Exposure and Cardiovascular Reactivity Among Black and White Americans.
机构信息
Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023 Jun 26;78(7):1224-1235. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbad054.
OBJECTIVES
Daily stress and cardiovascular reactivity may be important mechanisms linking cumulative life event stress with cardiovascular health and may help to explain racial health disparities. However, studies have yet to examine links between exposure to life event stress, daily stress exposure, and cardiovascular reactivity. This study assessed links between trajectories of life event stress exposure, daily stressors, and cardiovascular reactivity among Black and White individuals.
METHODS
Participants are from the Stress and Well-being in Everyday Life Study in which 238 individuals (109 Black 129 White; ages 33-93), drawn from the longitudinal Social Relations Study, reported life event stress in 1992, 2005, 2015, and 2018. Of those individuals, 169 completed an ecological momentary assessment study in which they reported stress exposure every 3 hr, and 164 wore a heart rate monitor for up to 5 days.
RESULTS
Latent class growth curve models revealed 2 longitudinal trajectories of life event stress: moderate-increasing and low-decreasing. Individuals in the moderate-increasing stress trajectory reported greater daily stress exposure and links did not vary by race. Black individuals in the low-decreasing trajectory and White individuals in the moderate-increasing trajectory showed positive associations between daily stress and heart rate (i.e., were reactive to daily stress exposure). The link between daily stress and heart rate was not significant among Black individuals in the moderate-increasing trajectory and White individuals in the low-decreasing trajectory.
DISCUSSION
Individuals who experience more life events across the adult life course report greater daily stress exposure which has important implications for daily cardiovascular health. Black individuals with moderate-increasing life event stress show evidence of blunted daily stress reactivity (nonsignificant association between daily stress and heart rate) whereas Black individuals with low-decreasing life event stress show evidence of stress reactivity (positive association between daily stress and heart rate). White individuals showed the opposite pattern (albeit marginally). These findings expand the weathering hypothesis and indicate that chronic life event stress may be associated with blunted stress reactivity among Black individuals.
目的
日常压力和心血管反应性可能是将累积生活事件压力与心血管健康联系起来的重要机制，并且可能有助于解释种族健康差异。然而，研究尚未检验生活事件压力暴露、日常压力源与心血管反应性之间的联系。本研究评估了黑人和白人个体中生活事件压力暴露轨迹、日常压力源和心血管反应性之间的联系。
方法
参与者来自日常生活中的压力和幸福感研究，其中 238 人（109 名黑人，129 名白人；年龄 33-93 岁）来自纵向社会关系研究，于 1992 年、2005 年、2015 年和 2018 年报告生活事件压力。在这些人中，有 169 人完成了一项生态瞬时评估研究，他们每 3 小时报告一次压力暴露情况，有 164 人佩戴心率监测器长达 5 天。
结果
潜在类别增长曲线模型揭示了生活事件压力的 2 个纵向轨迹：中度增加和低度减少。处于中度增加压力轨迹的个体报告了更大的日常压力暴露，并且种族间的关联没有差异。处于低度减少压力轨迹的黑人个体和处于中度增加压力轨迹的白人个体中，日常压力与心率之间呈正相关（即对日常压力暴露有反应）。在中度增加压力轨迹中的黑人个体和低度减少压力轨迹中的白人个体中，日常压力与心率之间的关联不显著。
讨论
在成年期经历更多生活事件的个体报告了更大的日常压力暴露，这对日常心血管健康有重要影响。中度增加生活事件压力的黑人个体表现出日常压力反应迟钝的证据（日常压力与心率之间无显著关联），而低度减少生活事件压力的黑人个体表现出压力反应性的证据（日常压力与心率之间呈正相关）。白人个体则表现出相反的模式（尽管略有）。这些发现扩展了“风化假说”，并表明慢性生活事件压力可能与黑人个体的压力反应迟钝有关。
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