Ye Zhiqiang, Bishop Trent, Wang Yaohai, Shahriari Ryan, Lynch Michael
Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China.
Mar Life Sci Technol. 2023 Feb 22;5(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s42995-023-00163-4. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Sex determination (SD) involves mechanisms that determine whether an individual will develop into a male, female, or in rare cases, hermaphrodite. Crustaceans harbor extremely diverse SD systems, including hermaphroditism, environmental sex determination (ESD), genetic sex determination (GSD), and cytoplasmic sex determination (e.g., controlled SD systems). Such diversity lays the groundwork for researching the evolution of SD in crustaceans, i.e., transitions among different SD systems. However, most previous research has focused on understanding the mechanism of SD within a single lineage or species, overlooking the transition across different SD systems. To help bridge this gap, we summarize the understanding of SD in various clades of crustaceans, and discuss how different SD systems might evolve from one another. Furthermore, we review the genetic basis for transitions between different SD systems (i.e., genes) and propose the microcrustacean (clade Branchiopoda) as a model to study the transition from ESD to GSD.
性别决定（SD）涉及决定个体将发育为雄性、雌性，或在极少数情况下发育为雌雄同体的机制。甲壳类动物拥有极其多样的性别决定系统，包括雌雄同体、环境性别决定（ESD）、遗传性别决定（GSD）和细胞质性别决定（例如，受控性别决定系统）。这种多样性为研究甲壳类动物性别决定的进化，即不同性别决定系统之间的转变，奠定了基础。然而，以前的大多数研究都集中在理解单一谱系或物种内的性别决定机制，而忽略了不同性别决定系统之间的转变。为了帮助弥补这一差距，我们总结了对甲壳类动物各个类群中性别决定的理解，并讨论了不同性别决定系统可能如何相互演化。此外，我们回顾了不同性别决定系统之间转变的遗传基础（即基因），并提出小型甲壳动物（鳃足纲类群）作为研究从环境性别决定向遗传性别决定转变的模型。
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