Malik Shilpa Dutta, Pillai Jayasankar P, Malik Upender
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Oral Pathology, Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Oct-Dec;26(4):558-563. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_341_21. Epub 2022 Dec 22.
Forensic science corresponds to the employment of science to the law or legal matters. One of the major concerns of legal system is to deduce the recognition of an item or individual, involved in crime for which forensic expert plays a pivotal role. Forensic odontology, a budding branch in dentistry, involves the application of dentistry to the legal system. The dental characteristics are considered as one of the primary characteristics of identification as per Interpol DVI guidelines. Thus, establishing the identity of unknown human remains through dental features is considered as one of the core domains of forensic odontology. However, its reliability and its acceptability in the court of law are only secondary to the application of DNA technologies. Also, the acceptability of bite-mark analysis and its evidentiary role is debatable. However, the bite marks may also be a source of salivary DNA, to establish the linking of the perpetrator to the victim. The recent advancements in the DNA technologies and the use of teeth and saliva as sources of DNA are the added advantages in the application of DNA as person identifiers especially in badly mutilated, decomposed and charred bodies and in linking the perpetrator to the crime. With this background, we present here a review on the application of forensic genetics from a forensic odontology point of view.
法医学是指将科学应用于法律或法律事务。法律系统的主要关注点之一是推断对涉及犯罪的物品或个人的识别,而法医专家在其中起着关键作用。法医牙科学是牙科学中一个新兴的分支,涉及将牙科学应用于法律系统。根据国际刑警组织灾难受害者身份识别指南,牙齿特征被视为身份识别的主要特征之一。因此,通过牙齿特征确定未知人类遗骸的身份被视为法医牙科学的核心领域之一。然而,其在法庭上的可靠性和可接受性仅次于DNA技术的应用。此外,咬痕分析的可接受性及其作为证据的作用也存在争议。然而,咬痕也可能是唾液DNA的来源,用于确定犯罪者与受害者之间的联系。DNA技术的最新进展以及将牙齿和唾液用作DNA来源,是将DNA用作个人标识符的额外优势,特别是在严重残缺、腐烂和烧焦的尸体中,以及在将犯罪者与犯罪联系起来方面。在此背景下,我们从法医牙科学的角度对法医遗传学的应用进行综述。