Zhu Shirong, Xie Kaibin, Lin Qiaoli, Cao Rui, Qiu Feng
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Hida Electric Co., LTD, Jiangyan, 225508, People's Republic of China.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 May;315:102905. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102905. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
The experimental determination of surface free energy is of great importance for engineering applications. However, there is no universal, reliable, and convenient measurement means to achieve experimental determination of solid surface energy for high-energy surface. In this work, the existing techniques for experimental determination of surface energy of solids, including indirect (4 kinds) and direct methods (3 kinds), were critically reviewed. In the indirect methods: the explicit interfacial bonding characteristics are required for the multiphase equilibrium technique and for the determination method from crystal equilibrium shape; the critical surface energy technique does not satisfy Zisman's hypothesis that the solid-liquid interface tension is zero (or close to zero), and the parameters fitted by empirical equations cannot have definite physical meaning; the derivation based on the surface tension in the liquid state can only obtain the surface energy of the solid phase near the melting point, and is limited to the prediction of the surface energy of elemental metal. Among the direct determination methods, except for the zero-creep method, are based on generalized determination technologies. All determined results are strongly influenced by the accuracy of the particle (grain) size, scale effect, the atmosphere, etc. This leads to the fact that the errors are still huge regardless of the determination method used, and it is difficult to achieve uniformity of the data. All methods rely to some extent on specific assumptions or theoretical models.
表面自由能的实验测定对于工程应用具有重要意义。然而，对于高能表面的固体表面能，尚无通用、可靠且便捷的测量手段来实现实验测定。在这项工作中，对现有的固体表面能实验测定技术进行了批判性综述，包括间接方法（4种）和直接方法（3种）。在间接方法中：多相平衡技术和晶体平衡形状测定方法需要明确的界面结合特性；临界表面能技术不满足齐斯曼关于固液界面张力为零（或接近零）的假设，且由经验方程拟合的参数不具有明确的物理意义；基于液态表面张力的推导只能得到接近熔点的固相表面能，且仅限于预测单质金属的表面能。在直接测定方法中，除零蠕变法外，均基于广义测定技术。所有测定结果都受到颗粒（晶粒）尺寸精度、尺度效应、气氛等的强烈影响。这导致无论采用何种测定方法，误差仍然很大，且难以实现数据的一致性。所有方法在一定程度上都依赖于特定的假设或理论模型。
