McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Child Dev. 2023 Jul-Aug;94(4):1068-1077. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13920. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Shyness can manifest on behavioral, affective, and physiological levels, but little is known about how these components cluster. We coded behavioral expressions of avoidance/inhibition, collected self-reported nervousness, and measured cardiac vagal withdrawal in 152 children (M = 7.82 years, 73 girls, 82% White) to a speech task in 2018-2021. A latent profile analysis using these behavioral, affective, and physiological indicators revealed four profiles: average reactive (43%), lower affective reactive (20%), higher affective reactive (26%), and consistently higher reactive (11%). Membership in the higher reactive profile predicted higher parent-reported temperamental shyness across 2 years. Findings provide empirical support for the long-theorized idea that shyness might exist as an emotional state but also represents a distinct temperamental quality for some children.
害羞可表现在行为、情感和生理层面上，但人们对于这些组成部分如何聚类知之甚少。我们对 2018 年至 2021 年间 152 名儿童（M = 7.82 岁，73 名女孩，82%为白人）在言语任务中的回避/抑制行为表现进行了编码，收集了他们的自我报告紧张感，并测量了他们的心脏迷走神经撤退情况。使用这些行为、情感和生理指标的潜在剖面分析揭示了四种类型：平均反应型（43%）、较低情感反应型（20%）、较高情感反应型（26%）和持续较高反应型（11%）。较高反应型的个体在两年内表现出更高的父母报告的气质性害羞。研究结果为长期以来的观点提供了实证支持，即害羞可能既是一种情绪状态，也代表着某些儿童的独特气质特征。
