Weitgasser Raimund, Ciardi Christian, Traub Julia, Barta Merlena, Riedl Michaela, Clodi Martin, Ludvik Bernhard
Kompetenzzentrum Diabetes, Privatklinik Wehrle-Diakonissen, Salzburg, Österreich.
Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus St. Vinzenz, Zams, Österreich.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023 Jan;135(Suppl 1):137-142. doi: 10.1007/s00508-022-02120-0. Epub 2023 Apr 20.
Diabetes education and self-management play a critical role in diabetes care. Patient empowerment aims to actively influence the course of the disease by self-monitoring and subsequent treatment modification as well as the ability of patients to integrate diabetes into their daily life and to appropriately adapt diabetes to their life style situation. Diabetes education has to be made accessible for all persons with the disease. In order to be able to provide a structured and validated education program, adequate personnel as well as space, organizational and financial prerequisites are required. Besides an increase in knowledge about the disease it has been shown that a structured diabetes education is able to improve diabetes outcome as measured by parameters, such as blood glucose, HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure and body weight in follow-up evaluations. Modern education programs emphasize the ability of patients to integrate diabetes into everyday life, stress physical activity besides healthy eating as important components of life style therapy and use interactive methods in order to increase the acceptance of personal responsibility. Specific situations (e.g. impaired hypoglycemia awareness, illness, travel), the occurrence of diabetic complications and the use of technical devices such as glucose sensor systems and insulin pumps require additional educational measures supported by adequate electronic tools (diabetes apps and diabetes web portals). New data demonstrate the effect of telemedicine and internet-based services for diabetes prevention and management.
糖尿病教育与自我管理在糖尿病护理中发挥着关键作用。患者赋权旨在通过自我监测及后续的治疗调整，以及患者将糖尿病融入日常生活并使其适应自身生活方式状况的能力，积极影响疾病进程。必须让所有糖尿病患者都能接受糖尿病教育。为了能够提供一个结构化且经过验证的教育项目，需要有足够的人员以及空间、组织和资金等前提条件。除了增加对疾病的了解之外，研究表明，在后续评估中，结构化的糖尿病教育能够改善糖尿病的各项指标，如血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、血压和体重等。现代教育项目强调患者将糖尿病融入日常生活的能力，除了健康饮食外，还强调体育活动是生活方式治疗的重要组成部分，并采用互动式方法来增强患者对个人责任的接受度。特定情况（如低血糖意识受损、患病、旅行）、糖尿病并发症的发生以及使用葡萄糖传感系统和胰岛素泵等技术设备，都需要借助适当的电子工具（糖尿病应用程序和糖尿病网站门户）提供额外的教育措施。新数据表明了远程医疗和基于互联网的服务在糖尿病预防和管理方面的作用。
