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Andexanet Alfa 逆转颅内出血患者的 Xa 因子抑制剂的作用。

Andexanet Alfa to Reverse the Effect of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Intracranial Hemorrhage.

机构信息

Department of Vascular Neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

出版信息

CNS Drugs. 2023 Jun;37(6):477-487. doi: 10.1007/s40263-023-01006-7. Epub 2023 May 3.


DOI:10.1007/s40263-023-01006-7
PMID:37133623
Abstract

Andexanet alfa (AA) is a recombinant factor Xa competing for binding with factor Xa inhibitors, thereby reversing their anticoagulation effects. Since 2019, it has been approved for individuals under apixaban or rivaroxaban therapy suffering from life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding. Apart from the pivotal trial, real-world data on the use of AA in daily clinics are scarce. We reviewed the current literature on patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and summarized the available evidence regarding several outcome parameters. On the basis of this evidence, we provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) for routine AA application. We searched PubMed and additional databases through 18 January 2023 for case reports, case series, studies, reviews, and guidelines. Data on hemostatic efficacy, in-hospital mortality, and thrombotic events were pooled and compared with the pivotal trial data. While hemostatic efficacy in world-wide clinical routine seems to be comparable to the pivotal trial, thrombotic events and in-hospital mortality appear to be substantially higher. Various confounding factors responsible for this finding such as exclusion and inclusion criteria resulting in a highly selected patient cohort within the controlled clinical trial have to be considered. The SOP provided should support physicians in patient selection for AA treatment as well as facilitate routine use and dosing. This review underlines the urgent need for more data from randomized trials to appreciate the benefit and safety profile of AA. Meanwhile, this SOP should help to improve frequency and quality of AA use in patients suffering from ICH while on apixaban or rivaroxaban treatment.

摘要

Andexanet alfa (AA) 是一种重组因子 Xa,可与因子 Xa 抑制剂竞争结合,从而逆转其抗凝作用。自 2019 年以来,它已被批准用于接受阿哌沙班或利伐沙班治疗且有生命威胁或不受控制的出血的患者。除了关键试验外,AA 在日常临床中的使用的真实世界数据非常有限。我们回顾了目前关于颅内出血 (ICH) 患者的文献,并总结了关于几个结局参数的现有证据。在此基础上,我们为常规 AA 应用提供了一个标准操作程序 (SOP)。我们通过 2023 年 1 月 18 日检索 PubMed 和其他数据库,以获取病例报告、病例系列、研究、综述和指南。汇集并比较了止血疗效、住院死亡率和血栓事件的数据,并与关键试验数据进行比较。虽然全球临床常规中的止血疗效似乎与关键试验相当,但血栓事件和住院死亡率似乎要高得多。需要考虑导致这一发现的各种混杂因素,如排除和纳入标准导致在对照临床试验中选择了高度筛选的患者队列。提供的 SOP 应有助于医生选择 AA 治疗的患者,并促进常规使用和剂量。这篇综述强调了迫切需要更多来自随机试验的数据,以评估 AA 的获益和安全性。同时,该 SOP 应有助于提高接受阿哌沙班或利伐沙班治疗的 ICH 患者中 AA 的使用频率和质量。

相似文献

[1]
Andexanet Alfa to Reverse the Effect of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Intracranial Hemorrhage.

CNS Drugs. 2023-6

[2]
Andexanet alfa versus four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of apixaban- or rivaroxaban-associated intracranial hemorrhage: a propensity score-overlap weighted analysis.

Crit Care. 2022-6-16

[3]
Real-world utilization of andexanet alfa.

Am J Emerg Med. 2019-12-10

[4]
Final Study Report of Andexanet Alfa for Major Bleeding With Factor Xa Inhibitors.

Circulation. 2023-3-28

[5]
Comparison of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and andexanet alfa for reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage.

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023-4

[6]
Retrospective review of Andexanet Alfa versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for reversal of DOAC-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage.

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023-1

[7]
Andexanet alfa and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage.

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2022-1

[8]
Andexanet alfa versus four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of apixaban- or rivaroxaban-associated intracranial hemorrhages.

Am J Emerg Med. 2022-5

[9]
The use of andexanet alfa and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in intracranial hemorrhage.

Am J Emerg Med. 2023-2

[10]
An 18-month single-center observational study of real-world use of andexanet alfa in patients with factor Xa inhibitor associated intracranial hemorrhage.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020-8

引用本文的文献

[1]
Specific Reversal Agents for Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Acute Stroke.

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2024

本文引用的文献

[1]
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Recent Ingestion of Direct Oral Anticoagulants.

JAMA Neurol. 2023-3-1

[2]
Comparison of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and andexanet alfa for reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage.

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023-4

[3]
The use of andexanet alfa and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in intracranial hemorrhage.

Am J Emerg Med. 2023-2

[4]
Real-World Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibition in the Setting of Major Life-Threatening Bleeding or Urgent Surgery.

J Pharm Pract. 2024-2

[5]
Reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban with andexanet alfa prior to invasive or surgical procedures.

Pharmacotherapy. 2022-10

[6]
Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate administration after expanding intracranial hemorrhage status post administration of andexanet alfa.

Am J Emerg Med. 2022-12

[7]
Andexanet-Alfa-Associated Heparin Resistance in the Context of Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Neurocrit Care. 2022-10

[8]
Andexanet Alfa for Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Intracranial Hemorrhage: Observational Cohort Study.

J Clin Med. 2022-6-13

[9]
Andexanet alfa versus four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of apixaban- or rivaroxaban-associated intracranial hemorrhage: a propensity score-overlap weighted analysis.

Crit Care. 2022-6-16

[10]
Andexanet alfa after 4-factor PCC administration for intracranial hemorrhage: a case series.

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2022-8

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