Laboratorio Genómico One Health, UW-GHI One Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cll 75#79A-51, Bloque M15, 050034, Medellin, Colombia.
Division of Infectious Diseases, San Vicente Fundación Hospital, Medellín, Colombia.
J Med Case Rep. 2023 May 4;17(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s13256-023-03904-2.
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to threaten public health. The virus is causing breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. Also, scarce information is available about cutaneous manifestations after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. CASE PRESENTATION AND FINDINGS: A case of a triple-vaccinated (Pfizer) 37-year-old Hispanic American (Colombian) male who developed urticaria after Omicron BA.5.1 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infection is described. Virus isolation and whole genome sequencing along with immune and molecular assays were performed. Dermatological manifestations (skin rash and urticaria) after Omicron BA.5.1 infection were observed. Sequence analysis of the Omicron BA.5.1 isolate also revealed several important mutations. Hemogram analysis revealed leukocytosis and neutrophilia. Serology testing revealed anti-spike immunoglobulin G serum titers but negative detection of immunoglobulin M at 10 days after symptom onset. Anti-nucleocapsid, anti-spike 1 immunoglobulin G, anti-spike trimer, and anti-receptor-binding-domain immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E sera were detected at different titers 10 days after symptom onset. Several serum levels of chemokines/cytokines (Interferon-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-12/interleukin-23p40, interleukin-18, interferon gamma-induced protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, monokine induced by gamma, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5 , tumor necrosis factor-β1, Tumor necrosis factor-α) were detected, but interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-17A were below the limit of detection. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study describing skin effects of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron BA.5 variant breakthrough infection in a triple-vaccinated patient in Colombia. Several important mutations were found in the spike glycoprotein of the virus isolated; these mutations are associated with immune evasion and changes in antigenic properties of the virus. Physicians overseeing coronavirus disease 2019 cases should be aware of the potential skin effects of the infection. Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its association with proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines may enhance the development of urticaria and other skin manifestations in immunized individuals. However, further studies are needed to better understand the complexity of coronavirus disease in such situations.
背景:严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 持续威胁着公众健康。该病毒正在导致已接种疫苗的个体发生突破性感染。此外,关于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 感染后的皮肤表现,信息仍然匮乏。
病例介绍及发现:本病例报告了一例接种过三剂(辉瑞)疫苗的 37 岁西班牙裔美国男性(哥伦比亚人),他在感染奥密克戎 BA.5.1 后发生了荨麻疹。进行了病毒分离和全基因组测序以及免疫和分子检测。在奥密克戎 BA.5.1 感染后观察到了皮肤表现(皮疹和荨麻疹)。对奥密克戎 BA.5.1 分离株的序列分析也揭示了几个重要的突变。血象分析显示白细胞增多和中性粒细胞增多。血清学检测显示抗刺突免疫球蛋白 G 血清滴度,但在症状出现后 10 天未检测到免疫球蛋白 M。在症状出现后 10 天,检测到抗核衣壳、抗刺突 1 免疫球蛋白 G、抗刺突三聚体、抗受体结合域免疫球蛋白 G 和免疫球蛋白 E 血清的不同滴度。检测到几种趋化因子/细胞因子(干扰素-α、干扰素-γ、白细胞介素-12/白细胞介素-23p40、白细胞介素-18、干扰素诱导蛋白-10、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、γ诱导的单核细胞因子、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α、趋化因子(C-C 基序)配体-5、肿瘤坏死因子-β1、肿瘤坏死因子-α)的水平,但白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8 和白细胞介素-17A 低于检测限。
解释和结论:据我们所知,这是在哥伦比亚首例描述接种三剂疫苗的个体中奥密克戎 BA.5 变异突破性感染的皮肤影响的研究。在分离的病毒刺突糖蛋白中发现了几个重要的突变;这些突变与免疫逃逸和病毒抗原特性改变有关。监督 2019 冠状病毒病病例的医生应该意识到感染的潜在皮肤影响。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 感染的发病机制及其与促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的关联可能会增强免疫个体中荨麻疹和其他皮肤表现的发展。然而,需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这种情况下 2019 冠状病毒病的复杂性。
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