Wang Dong, Gao Haihui, Zhao Long, Lv Changrong, Dou Wei, Zhang Xiuping, Liu Yong, Kang Xiaodong, Guo Kangkang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 17;10:1155061. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155061. eCollection 2023.
Calf diarrhea is a complex disease that has long been an unsolved problem in the cattle industry. Ningxia is at the forefront of China in the scale of cattle breeding, and calf diarrhea gravely restricts the development of Ningxia's cattle industry.
From July 2021 to May 2022, we collected diarrhea stool samples from calves aged 1-103 days from 23 farms in five cities in Ningxia, and performed PCR using specific primers for 15 major reported pathogens of calf diarrhea, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The effect of different seasons on the occurrence of diarrhea in calves was explored, the respective epidemic pathogens in different seasons were screened, and more detailed epidemiological investigations were carried out in Yinchuan and Wuzhong. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between different ages, river distributions and pathogen prevalence.
Eventually, 10 pathogens were detected, of which 9 pathogens were pathogenic and 1 pathogen was non-pathogenic. The pathogens with the highest detection rate were (50.46%), Bovine rotavirus (BRV) (23.18%), () K99 (20.00%), and Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) (11.82%). The remaining pathogens such as Coccidia (6.90%), Bovine Astrovirus (BoAstV) (5.46%), Bovine Torovirus (BToV) (4.09%), and Bovine Kobuvirus (BKoV) (3.18%) primarily existed in the form of mixed infection.
The analysis showed that different cities in Ningxia have different pathogens responsible for diarrhea, with and BRV being the most important pathogens responsible for diarrhea in calves in all cities. Control measures against those pathogens should be enforced to effectively prevent diarrhea in calves in China.
犊牛腹泻是一种复杂疾病，长期以来一直是养牛业中未解决的问题。宁夏在全国养牛规模方面处于领先地位，而犊牛腹泻严重制约了宁夏养牛业的发展。
2021年7月至2022年5月，我们从宁夏五个城市的23个养殖场收集了1至103日龄犊牛的腹泻粪便样本，使用针对犊牛腹泻的15种主要报告病原体（包括细菌、病毒和寄生虫）的特异性引物进行PCR检测。探讨了不同季节对犊牛腹泻发生的影响，筛选了不同季节各自的流行病原体，并在银川和吴忠进行了更详细的流行病学调查。此外，我们分析了不同年龄、河流分布与病原体流行率之间的关系。
最终检测到10种病原体，其中9种病原体具有致病性，1种病原体无致病性。检出率最高的病原体是（50.46%）、牛轮状病毒（BRV）（23.18%）、（）K99（20.00%）和牛冠状病毒（BCoV）（11.82%）。其余病原体如球虫（6.90%）、牛星状病毒（BoAstV）（5.46%）、牛环曲病毒（BToV）（4.09%）和牛杯状病毒（BKoV）（3.18%）主要以混合感染的形式存在。
分析表明，宁夏不同城市导致腹泻的病原体不同，其中 和BRV是所有城市犊牛腹泻的最重要病原体。应针对这些病原体采取控制措施，以有效预防中国犊牛腹泻。
