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纳米材料作为高性能3D打印混凝土的有前景添加剂:批判性综述

Nanomaterials as Promising Additives for High-Performance 3D-Printed Concrete: A Critical Review.

作者信息

Razzaghian Ghadikolaee Mehrdad, Cerro-Prada Elena, Pan Zhu, Habibnejad Korayem Asghar

机构信息

Nanomaterials Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran.

Department of Electrical, Electronical, Automatic Control Engineering and Applied Physics, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain.

出版信息

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Apr 22;13(9):1440. doi: 10.3390/nano13091440.

DOI:10.3390/nano13091440
PMID:37176985
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10180160/
Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printed concrete (3DPC), as one of the subset of digital fabrication, has provided a revolution in the construction industry. Accordingly, scientists, experts, and researchers in both academic and industry communities are trying to improve the performance of 3DPC. The mix design of all kinds of concrete has always been the most crucial property to reach the best efficiency. Recently, many studies have been performed to incorporate nano- and micro-scale additives to ameliorate the properties of 3DPC. The current study aims to present the main design properties of 3DPC and completely cover both fresh and hardened state characteristics of 3DPC containing different nano- and micro-additives. Our observations illustrate that nanomaterials can be mainly utilized as a thickener to ameliorate the thixotropic behavior and the structural build-up of 3DPC, resulting in higher yield stress and better viscosity recovery. Furthermore, each nanomaterial, through its unique impact, can provide lower porosity and permeability as well as better mechanical strengths for 3DPC. Although much research investigate the fresh properties of 3DPC containing nano and micro additives, future studies are needed to provide better insight into the impact of these kinds of additives on the hardened characteristics of 3DPC. In addition, researchers may devote more research to address the effects of the additives discussed herein on the performance of other kinds of 3DPC such as lightweight, self-compacting, etc. It should be noted that the effect mechanism of nanomaterials on the inter-layer bond strength of 3DPC is another crucial issue that should be investigated in future studies. Furthermore, nano-scale fillers from source of waste and biomass can be attractive additives for future research to achieve high performance of sustainable 3D-printed concrete.

摘要

三维(3D)打印混凝土(3DPC)作为数字制造的一个子集,给建筑行业带来了一场变革。因此,学术界和工业界的科学家、专家及研究人员都在努力提高3DPC的性能。各类混凝土的配合比设计一直是实现最佳效率的最关键特性。最近,已经开展了许多研究来加入纳米和微米级添加剂以改善3DPC的性能。当前的研究旨在介绍3DPC的主要设计特性,并全面涵盖含有不同纳米和微米添加剂的3DPC的新拌状态和硬化状态特征。我们的观察表明,纳米材料主要可作为增稠剂来改善3DPC的触变性行为和结构形成,从而产生更高的屈服应力和更好的粘度恢复。此外,每种纳米材料通过其独特的作用,可以为3DPC提供更低的孔隙率和渗透率以及更好的机械强度。尽管许多研究调查了含有纳米和微米添加剂的3DPC的新拌性能,但仍需要未来的研究来更好地洞察这类添加剂对3DPC硬化特性的影响。此外,研究人员可能需要投入更多研究来探讨本文所述添加剂对其他类型3DPC(如轻质、自密实等)性能的影响。应该注意的是,纳米材料对3DPC层间粘结强度的作用机制是未来研究中另一个需要研究的关键问题。此外,来自废物和生物质源的纳米级填料可能是未来研究中极具吸引力的添加剂,以实现高性能的可持续3D打印混凝土。

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