赤道几内亚巴塔地区人群土源性线虫感染的流行率、感染度及其相关危险因素。
Prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infections among individuals living in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Education and Outreach, Faculty of Environment, National University of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea.
Ecole Doctorale Régional de l'Afrique centrale en infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.
出版信息
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 May 17;17(5):e0011345. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011345. eCollection 2023 May.
BACKGROUND
Soil transmitted Helminths (STH) infections remain a public health concern worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas where these diseases are highly endemic. Knowing the prevalence and risk factors of the disease is crucial for efficient STH control strategies in endemic areas. The scarcity of epidemiological data on STH for Equatorial Guinea has motivated the decision to perform the present study.
METHODS
A cluster-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Bata district from November 2020 to January 2021. Stool samples were collected for the diagnostic of STH infections using Kato-Katz technique. Descriptive statistics was performed for determination of STH prevalence and intensity, while logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with STH infections.
RESULTS
A total of 340 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 24 years (SD = 23.7) and 1.2 female-to-male sex-ratio. The overall prevalence of any STH was 60% (95%CI: 55-65). The most prevalent species were Ascaris lumbricoides (43%, 95%CI: 37-48) and Trichuris trichiura (40%, 95%CI: 35-46). Intensity of infection were mainly light to moderate. A trend of association was observed between age and any STH infection (overall p-value = 0.07), with a significant difference observed between children aged 5-14 years as compared to those aged 1-4 (aOR 2.12; 95%CI: 1.02-4.43, p-value = 0.04), while locality was significantly associated with STH infection (overall p-value<0.001) with a higher odds observed for peri-urban area as compared to urban area (aOR 4.57; 95%CI: 2.27-9.60, p-value<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Bata district is a high STH transmission area, where school-aged children and peri-urban areas are associated with a higher risk of any STH infection. This situation calls for a full implementation of the WHO recommendations for STH control; mass drug administration of anthelminthic twice a year to the whole population with great attention to school age children, and prioritizing peri-urban areas where safe water, improve sanitation, and hygiene education should be implemented to achieve a better control.
背景
土壤传播的蠕虫（STH）感染仍然是全世界的一个公共卫生关注点，特别是在热带和亚热带地区，这些疾病高度流行。了解疾病的流行情况和危险因素对于在流行地区实施有效的 STH 控制策略至关重要。赤道几内亚关于 STH 的流行病学数据稀缺，这促使我们决定进行本研究。
方法
2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 1 月，在巴塔地区进行了一项基于群组的横断面研究。使用加藤氏技术收集粪便样本，以诊断 STH 感染。进行描述性统计，以确定 STH 的流行率和强度，同时使用逻辑回归模型评估与 STH 感染相关的危险因素。
结果
共纳入 340 名参与者，平均年龄为 24 岁（标准差=23.7），男女比例为 1.2:1。任何 STH 的总体流行率为 60%（95%置信区间：55-65）。最常见的物种是蛔虫（43%，95%置信区间：37-48）和鞭虫（40%，95%置信区间：35-46）。感染强度主要为轻至中度。年龄与任何 STH 感染之间存在趋势关联（整体 p 值=0.07），与 1-4 岁年龄组相比，5-14 岁年龄组的差异具有统计学意义（调整后比值比 2.12；95%置信区间：1.02-4.43，p 值=0.04），而地点与 STH 感染显著相关（整体 p 值<0.001），与城市地区相比，城乡结合地区的感染风险更高（调整后比值比 4.57；95%置信区间：2.27-9.60，p 值<0.001）。
结论
巴塔地区是一个 STH 传播高度活跃的地区，学龄儿童和城乡结合地区与任何 STH 感染的风险增加相关。这种情况呼吁全面实施世界卫生组织（WHO）关于 STH 控制的建议；每年对整个人群进行两次驱虫药物治疗，特别关注学龄儿童，并优先考虑城乡结合地区，在这些地区应实施安全用水、改善卫生和卫生教育，以实现更好的控制。
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