Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, QLD 4880, Australia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 2):125004. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125004. Epub 2023 May 20.
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major food source in many countries due to its tuber rich in starch (60 %-89 % of the dry weight) and various important micronutrients. Orientation Supergene Cultivation (OSC) pattern is a simple and efficient cultivation mode developed in China in recent years. However, little is known about its effect on yam tuber starch. In this study, the starchy tuber yield, starch structure and physicochemical properties were compared and analyzed in detail between OSC and Traditional Vertical Cultivation (TVC) with Dioscorea persimilis "zhugaoshu", a widely cultivated variety. The results proved that OSC significantly increased tuber yield (23.76 %-31.86 %) and commodity quality (more smooth skin) compared with TVC in three consecutive years of field experiments. Moreover, OSC increased amylopectin content, resistant starch content, granule average diameter and average degree of crystallinity by 2.7 %, 5.8 %, 14.7 % and 9.5 %, respectively, while OSC decreased starch molecular weight (Mw). These traits resulted in starch with lower thermal properties (To, Tp, Tc, ΔH), but higher pasting properties (PV, TV). Our results indicated that cultivation pattern affected the yam production and starch physicochemical properties. It would not only provide a practical basis for OSC promotion, but also provide valuable information on how to guide the yam starch end use in food and non-food industries.
山药（Dioscorea spp.）因其富含淀粉（干重的 60%-89%）和各种重要微量营养素的块茎而成为许多国家的主要食物来源。定向超基因栽培（OSC）模式是近年来中国开发的一种简单高效的栽培模式。然而，对于其对山药块茎淀粉的影响知之甚少。本研究详细比较和分析了 OSC 与传统垂直栽培（TVC）在广泛种植的品种“猪首乌”Dioscorea persimilis 中的淀粉块茎产量、淀粉结构和理化特性。结果表明，OSC 在三年田间试验中与 TVC 相比，显著提高了块茎产量（23.76%-31.86%）和商品质量（更光滑的表皮）。此外，OSC 分别增加了直链淀粉含量、抗性淀粉含量、颗粒平均直径和平均结晶度 2.7%、5.8%、14.7%和 9.5%，而 OSC 降低了淀粉分子量（Mw）。这些特性导致淀粉具有较低的热特性（To、Tp、Tc、ΔH），但具有较高的糊化特性（PV、TV）。我们的研究结果表明，栽培模式影响了山药的产量和淀粉的理化特性。这不仅为 OSC 的推广提供了实践基础，也为如何指导食品和非食品工业中山药淀粉的最终用途提供了有价值的信息。
