Imprinting in an interspecific brood parasitic bird.

Many animals learn to recognize conspecifics after an early experience with them through sexual imprinting. For brood parasitic birds, it is not possible to develop conspecific recognition using cues provided by their foster parents. One solution is that a unique species-specific signal triggers the learning of additional aspects of the conspecific's phenotype. It has been proposed that for brood parasitic cowbirds, this signal is an innate vocalization, the chatter. This vocalization might act in a cross-modal learning process through which juveniles that listen to the song learn to recognize the visual characteristics of the song's producer. We trained two groups of juvenile shiny cowbirds (). In one group, individuals listened to the chatter or a heterospecific call while they observed a stuffed model of the corresponding species. In the other group, individuals listened to the call of one species (cowbird or heterospecific) while they observed the stuffed model of the other species. In the preference test, juveniles chose the model associated with the chatter, regardless of whether the model was a cowbird or a heterospecific. These results show how the auditory system through a species-specific signal can lead to cross-modal learning of visual cues allowing conspecific recognition in brood parasitic cowbirds.