Barr Jordyn S, Estevez-Lao Tania Y, Khalif Marina, Saksena Saksham, Yarlagadda Sagnik, Farah Ommay, Shivere Yasmine, Hillyer Julián F
Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
J Insect Physiol. 2023 Jul;148:104525. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104525. Epub 2023 May 24.
Most insects are poikilotherms and ectotherms, so their body temperature fluctuates and closely aligns with the temperature of their environment. The rise in global temperatures is affecting the physiology of insects by altering their ability to survive, reproduce, and transmit disease. Aging also impacts insect physiology because the body deteriorates via senescence as the insect ages. Although temperature and age both impact insect biology, these factors have historically been studied in isolation. So, it is unknown whether or how temperature and age interact to shape insect physiology. Here, we investigated the effects of warmer temperature (27 °C, 30 °C and 32 °C), aging (1, 5, 10, and 15 days post-eclosion), and their interaction on the size and body composition of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. We found that warmer temperatures result in slightly smaller adult mosquitoes, as measured by abdomen and tibia length. Aging alters both abdominal length and dry weight in a manner that correlates with the increase in energetic resources and tissue remodeling that occurs after metamorphosis and the senescence-based decline that ensues later. Moreover, the carbohydrate and lipid contents of adult mosquitoes are not meaningfully affected by temperature but are altered by aging: carbohydrate content increases with age whereas lipid content increases over the first few days of adulthood and then decreases. Protein content decreases with both rising temperature and aging, and the aging-associated decrease accelerates at warmer temperatures. Altogether, temperature and age, individually and to a lesser extent interactively, shape the size and composition of adult mosquitoes.
大多数昆虫是变温动物和外温动物，所以它们的体温会波动，并与环境温度密切相关。全球气温上升正在通过改变昆虫的生存、繁殖和传播疾病的能力来影响其生理机能。衰老也会影响昆虫的生理机能，因为随着昆虫年龄的增长，身体会因衰老而退化。尽管温度和年龄都会影响昆虫生物学，但这些因素在历史上一直是分开研究的。所以，目前尚不清楚温度和年龄是否以及如何相互作用来塑造昆虫的生理机能。在这里，我们研究了较高温度（27°C、30°C和32°C）、衰老（羽化后1、5、10和15天）及其相互作用对冈比亚按蚊大小和身体组成的影响。我们发现，用腹部和胫骨长度衡量，较高温度会导致成年蚊子体型略小。衰老会改变腹部长度和干重，其方式与变态后发生的能量资源增加和组织重塑以及随后基于衰老的衰退相关。此外，成年蚊子的碳水化合物和脂质含量不受温度的显著影响，但会因衰老而改变：碳水化合物含量随年龄增加，而脂质含量在成年后的头几天增加，然后减少。蛋白质含量随着温度升高和衰老而降低，并且与衰老相关的降低在较高温度下会加速。总之，温度和年龄单独以及在较小程度上相互作用，塑造了成年蚊子的大小和组成。
