Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
Cancer Commun (Lond). 2023 Jun;43(6):685-705. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12443. Epub 2023 May 31.
BACKGROUND: N6-methyladenosine (m A) modification is the most common modification that occurs in eukaryotes. Although substantial effort has been made in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) in recent years, the prognosis of GC patients remains unsatisfactory. The regulatory mechanism between m A modification and GC development needs to be elucidated. In this study, we examined m A modification and the downstream mechanism in GC. METHODS: Dot blotting assays, The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to measure the m A levels in GC tissues. Methylated RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed to identify the targets of m A modification. Western blotting, Transwell, wound healing, and angiogenesis assays were conducted to examine the role of centromere protein F (CENPF) in GC in vitro. Xenograft, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo metastasis experiments were conducted to examine the role of CENPF in GC in vivo. Methylated RNA-immunoprecipitation-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR and RNA pulldown assays were used to verify the m A modification sites of CENPF. Gain/loss-of-function and rescue experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between CENPF and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in GC cells. Coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to explore the proteins that interact with CENPF and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms between them. RESULTS: CENPF was upregulated in GC and facilitated the metastasis of GC both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, increased m A modification of CENPF was mediated by methyltransferase 3, and this modified molecule could be recognized by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), thereby promoting its mRNA stability. In addition, the metastatic phenotype of CENPF was dependent on the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, CENPF could bind to FAK and promote its localization in the cytoplasm. Moreover, we discovered that high expression of CENPF was related to lymphatic invasion and overall survival in GC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that increased m A modification of CENPF facilitates the metastasis and angiogenesis of GC through the CENPF/FAK/MAPK and epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis. CENPF expression was correlated with the clinical features of GC patients; therefore, CENPF may serve as a prognostic marker of GC.
背景:N6-甲基腺苷(m A)修饰是真核生物中最常见的修饰。尽管近年来在预防和治疗胃癌(GC)方面已经做出了大量努力,但 GC 患者的预后仍然不尽人意。需要阐明 m A 修饰与 GC 发展之间的调控机制。在这项研究中,我们研究了 GC 中 m A 修饰和下游机制。
方法:点印迹分析、癌症基因组图谱分析和定量实时 PCR(qRT-PCR)用于测量 GC 组织中的 m A 水平。进行甲基化 RNA-免疫沉淀测序和 RNA 测序以鉴定 m A 修饰的靶标。进行 Western blot、Transwell、划痕愈合和血管生成测定以研究着丝粒蛋白 F(CENPF)在 GC 中的体外作用。进行异种移植、免疫组织化学和体内转移实验以研究 CENPF 在 GC 中的体内作用。进行甲基化 RNA-免疫沉淀-qPCR、RNA 免疫沉淀-qPCR 和 RNA 下拉测定以验证 CENPF 的 m A 修饰位点。进行增益/失能和挽救实验以确定 GC 细胞中 CENPF 与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路之间的关系。进行免疫共沉淀、质谱、qRT-PCR 和免疫荧光测定以探索与 CENPF 相互作用的蛋白质并阐明它们之间的调控机制。
结果:CENPF 在 GC 中上调,并在体外和体内均促进 GC 的转移。机制上,CENPF 的 m A 修饰增加是由甲基转移酶 3 介导的,这种修饰的分子可以被异质核核糖核蛋白 A2/B1(HNRNPA2B1)识别,从而促进其 mRNA 稳定性。此外,CENPF 的转移表型依赖于 MAPK 信号通路。此外,CENPF 可以与 FAK 结合并促进其在细胞质中的定位。此外,我们发现 CENPF 的高表达与 GC 患者的淋巴浸润和总生存有关。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,CENPF 的 m A 修饰增加通过 CENPF/FAK/MAPK 和上皮-间充质转化轴促进 GC 的转移和血管生成。CENPF 的表达与 GC 患者的临床特征相关;因此,CENPF 可能是 GC 的预后标志物。
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