Ngo David, Magaña Angel J, Tran Tung, Sklenicka Jan, Phan Kimberly, Eykholt Brian, Jimenez Verónica, Ramirez María S, Tolmasky Marcelo E
Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 3;16(2):236. doi: 10.3390/ph16020236.
Plazomicin is a recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved semisynthetic aminoglycoside. Its structure consists of a sisomicin scaffold modified by adding a 2(S)-hydroxy aminobutyryl group at the N1 position and a hydroxyethyl substituent at the 6' position. These substitutions produced a molecule refractory to most aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. The main enzyme within this group that recognizes plazomicin as substrate is the aminoglycoside 2'--acetyltransferase type Ia [AAC(2')-Ia], which reduces the antibiotic's potency. Designing formulations that combine an antimicrobial with an inhibitor of resistance is a recognized strategy to extend the useful life of existing antibiotics. We have recently found that several metal ions inhibit the enzymatic inactivation of numerous aminoglycosides mediated by the aminoglycoside 6'--acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib]. In particular, Ag, which also enhances the effect of aminoglycosides by other mechanisms, is very effective in interfering with AAC(6')-Ib-mediated resistance to amikacin. Here we report that silver acetate is a potent inhibitor of AAC(2')-Ia-mediated acetylation of plazomicin in vitro, and it reduces resistance levels of carrying . The resistance reversion assays produced equivalent results when the structural gene was expressed under the control of the natural or the promoters. The antibiotic effect of plazomicin in combination with silver was bactericidal, and the mix did not show significant toxicity to human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells.
普拉佐米星是一种最近获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的半合成氨基糖苷类药物。其结构由西索米星骨架组成,该骨架通过在N1位置添加一个2(S)-羟基氨基丁酰基和在6'位置添加一个羟乙基取代基进行修饰。这些取代产生了一种对大多数氨基糖苷类修饰酶具有抗性的分子。该组中识别普拉佐米星为底物的主要酶是Ia型氨基糖苷2'-乙酰转移酶[AAC(2')-Ia],它会降低抗生素的效力。设计将抗菌剂与耐药抑制剂结合的制剂是延长现有抗生素使用寿命的一种公认策略。我们最近发现,几种金属离子可抑制由Ib型氨基糖苷6'-乙酰转移酶[AAC(6')-Ib]介导的多种氨基糖苷类药物的酶促失活。特别是银,它还通过其他机制增强氨基糖苷类药物的作用,在干扰AAC(6')-Ib介导的对阿米卡星的耐药性方面非常有效。在此我们报告,醋酸银在体外是AAC(2')-Ia介导的普拉佐米星乙酰化的有效抑制剂,并且它降低了携带……的……的耐药水平。当结构基因在天然或……启动子的控制下表达时,耐药性逆转试验产生了等效结果。普拉佐米星与银联合使用的抗生素作用具有杀菌性,并且该混合物对人胚肾293(HEK293)细胞未显示出明显毒性。