Liu Zhibo, Wang Ting, Sun Xianding, Nie Mao
Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Hum Cell. 2023 Jul;36(4):1326-1335. doi: 10.1007/s13577-023-00926-2. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main pathogenic factor in diseases that cause joint deformities. As the main manifestation of the progress of OA, cartilage degradation has been closely associated with the degeneration of chondrocytes, which is induced by inflammatory factors and other trauma factors. Autophagy and apoptosis are the main mechanisms for cells to maintain homeostasis and play crucial roles in OA. Under the influence of external environmental factors (such as aging and injury), the metabolism of cells can be altered, which may affect the extent of autophagy and apoptosis. With the progression of OA, these changes can alter the cell phenotypes, and the cells of different phenotypes display distinct differences in morphology and function. In this review, we have summarized the alteration in cell metabolism, autophagy, and the extent of apoptosis during OA progression and its effects on the cell phenotypes to provide new ideas for further research on the mechanisms of phenotypic transition and therapeutic strategies so as to reverse the cell phenotypes.
骨关节炎（OA）是导致关节畸形疾病的主要致病因素。作为OA进展的主要表现，软骨降解与软骨细胞的退变密切相关，而软骨细胞退变是由炎症因子和其他创伤因素诱导的。自噬和凋亡是细胞维持内环境稳定的主要机制，在OA中发挥着关键作用。在外部环境因素（如衰老和损伤）的影响下，细胞代谢可能会发生改变，这可能会影响自噬和凋亡的程度。随着OA的进展，这些变化会改变细胞表型，不同表型的细胞在形态和功能上表现出明显差异。在本综述中，我们总结了OA进展过程中细胞代谢、自噬和凋亡程度的变化及其对细胞表型的影响，为进一步研究表型转变机制和治疗策略提供新思路，以期逆转细胞表型。
