Créton Robbert, Zwaan Gideon, Dohmen René
Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dev Growth Differ. 1993 Jun;35(3):357-364. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1993.00357.x.
All-trans retinoic acid is known as a teratogen in vertebrate development. To study whether molluscan morphogenesis is sensitive to retinoic acid, the development of Lymnaea stagnalis, Physa fontinalis and Bithynia tentaculata was examined after treatment with retinoic acid. Low concentrations retinoic acid (10 M) specifically affected eye formation in each of these species. In Lymnaea, it was shown that 10 M retinoic acid resulted in a wider spectrum of deficiencies, including eye defects, arrested development and shell deformations. Pulse treatments revealed that embryos were most sensitive during gastrulation. Soon after gastrulation the embryos had lost their sensitivity to retinoic acid, which indicates that the observed defects do not result from a general non-specific toxic effect on cells. Even though molluscan development differs in numerous respects from vertebrate development, the present results suggest that molluscs share common features with vertebrates in morphogenetic processes that operate in early development.
全反式维甲酸在脊椎动物发育过程中被认为是一种致畸剂。为了研究软体动物的形态发生是否对维甲酸敏感，在用维甲酸处理后，对椎实螺、泉螺和膀胱豆螺的发育进行了检查。低浓度维甲酸（10 μM）特异性地影响了这些物种中每一种的眼睛形成。在椎实螺中，研究表明10 μM维甲酸会导致更广泛的缺陷，包括眼睛缺陷、发育停滞和外壳变形。脉冲处理显示，胚胎在原肠胚形成期间最为敏感。原肠胚形成后不久，胚胎就失去了对维甲酸的敏感性，这表明观察到的缺陷并非源于对细胞的一般非特异性毒性作用。尽管软体动物的发育在许多方面与脊椎动物的发育不同，但目前的结果表明，软体动物在早期发育中的形态发生过程中与脊椎动物具有共同特征。
