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基于多尺度动力学洞察 Grp94 分子伴侣的核苷酸调控。

Insight into the Nucleotide Based Modulation of the Grp94 Molecular Chaperone Using Multiscale Dynamics.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States.

Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.

出版信息

J Phys Chem B. 2023 Jun 22;127(24):5389-5409. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00260. Epub 2023 Jun 9.

Abstract

Grp94, an ER-localized molecular chaperone, is required for the folding and activation of many membrane and secretory proteins. Client activation by Grp94 is mediated by nucleotide and conformational changes. In this work, we aim to understand how microscopic changes from nucleotide hydrolysis can potentiate large-scale conformational changes of Grp94. We performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on the ATP-hydrolysis competent state of the Grp94 dimer in four different nucleotide bound states. We found that Grp94 was the most rigid when ATP was bound. ATP hydrolysis or nucleotide removal enhanced mobility of the N-terminal domain and ATP lid, resulting in suppression of interdomain communication. In an asymmetric conformation with one hydrolyzed nucleotide, we identified a more compact state, similar to experimental observations. We also identified a potential regulatory role of the flexible linker, as it formed electrostatic interactions with the Grp94 M-domain helix near the region where BiP is known to bind. These studies were complemented with normal-mode analysis of an elastic network model to investigate Grp94's large-scale conformational changes. SPM analysis identified residues that are important in signaling conformational change, many of which have known functional relevance in ATP coordination and catalysis, client binding, and BiP binding. Our findings suggest that ATP hydrolysis in Grp94 alters allosteric wiring and facilitates conformational changes.

摘要

Grp94 是一种内质网定位的分子伴侣,对于许多膜和分泌蛋白的折叠和激活是必需的。Grp94 通过核苷酸和构象变化介导客户蛋白的激活。在这项工作中,我们旨在了解核苷酸水解产生的微观变化如何增强 Grp94 大尺度构象变化的能力。我们对 Grp94 二聚体在四种不同核苷酸结合状态下具有 ATP 水解能力的状态进行了全原子分子动力学模拟。我们发现,当 ATP 结合时,Grp94 的刚性最大。ATP 水解或核苷酸去除增强了 N 端结构域和 ATP 盖的流动性,从而抑制了结构域间的通讯。在具有一个水解核苷酸的不对称构象中,我们确定了一个更紧凑的状态,类似于实验观察结果。我们还确定了柔性接头的潜在调节作用,因为它与 Grp94 M 结构域螺旋形成静电相互作用,该区域是已知 BiP 结合的区域。这些研究通过弹性网络模型的正常模式分析得到了补充,以研究 Grp94 的大尺度构象变化。SPM 分析确定了在信号转导构象变化中重要的残基,其中许多残基在 ATP 协调和催化、客户蛋白结合和 BiP 结合方面具有已知的功能相关性。我们的研究结果表明,Grp94 中的 ATP 水解改变了变构连接,并促进了构象变化。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5de/10292203/c47af8f3113d/jp3c00260_0001.jpg

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