Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, Switzerland.
Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
J Dent. 2023 Aug;135:104585. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104585. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
Understanding dentists' gaze patterns on radiographs may allow to unravel sources of their limited accuracy and develop strategies to mitigate them. We conducted an eye tracking experiment to characterize dentists' scanpaths and thus their gaze patterns when assessing bitewing radiographs to detect primary proximal carious lesions.
22 dentists assessed a median of nine bitewing images each, resulting in 170 datasets after excluding data with poor quality of gaze recording. Fixation was defined as an area of attentional focus related to visual stimuli. We calculated time to first fixation, fixation count, average fixation duration, and fixation frequency. Analyses were performed for the entire image and stratified by (1) presence of carious lesions and/or restorations and (2) lesion depth (E1/2: outer/inner enamel; D1-3: outer-inner third of dentin). We also examined the transitional nature of the dentists' gaze.
Dentists had more fixations on teeth with lesions and/or restorations (median=138 [interquartile range=87, 204]) than teeth without them (32 [15, 66]), p<0.001. Notably, teeth with lesions had longer fixation durations (407 milliseconds [242, 591]) than those with restorations (289 milliseconds [216, 337]), p<0.001. Time to first fixation was longer for teeth with E1 lesions (17,128 milliseconds [8813, 21,540]) than lesions of other depths (p = 0.049). The highest number of fixations were on teeth with D2 lesions (43 [20, 51]) and lowest on teeth with E1 lesions (5 [1, 37]), p<0.001. Generally, a systematic tooth-by-tooth gaze pattern was observed.
As hypothesized, while visually inspecting bitewing radiographic images, dentists employed a heightened focus on certain image features/areas, relevant to the assigned task. Also, they generally examined the entire image in a systematic tooth-by-tooth pattern.
了解牙医在 X 光片上的注视模式，可能有助于揭示他们准确性有限的原因，并制定减轻这些问题的策略。我们进行了一项眼动追踪实验，以描述牙医在评估牙合翼片以检测原发性近中龋损时的扫描路径和注视模式。
22 名牙医平均评估了 9 张牙合翼图像，剔除注视记录质量较差的数据后，共获得 170 组数据集。注视被定义为与视觉刺激相关的注意力焦点区域。我们计算了首次注视时间、注视次数、平均注视持续时间和注视频率。分析分为整个图像和（1）存在龋损和/或修复体以及（2）病变深度（E1/2：外/内层牙釉质；D1-3：外-内三分之一牙本质）进行。我们还检查了牙医注视的过渡性质。
牙医在有病变和/或修复体的牙齿（中位数=138 [四分位距 87，204]）上的注视次数多于无病变和/或修复体的牙齿（32 [15，66]），p<0.001。值得注意的是，有病变的牙齿的注视持续时间（407 毫秒 [242，591]）长于有修复体的牙齿（289 毫秒 [216，337]），p<0.001。E1 病变的首次注视时间（17，128 毫秒 [8813，21，540]）长于其他深度的病变（p=0.049）。D2 病变的牙齿有最多的注视次数（43 [20，51]），E1 病变的牙齿最少（5 [1，37]），p<0.001。通常，观察到一种系统的逐牙注视模式。
正如假设的那样，牙医在视觉检查牙合翼 X 光片时，会将注意力高度集中在与任务相关的某些图像特征/区域上。此外，他们通常会系统地逐牙检查整个图像。
Zotero 插件