Mendiguren Aitziber, Aostri Erik, Rodilla Irati, Pujana Iker, Noskova Ekaterina, Pineda Joseba
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 May 25;14:1183019. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183019. eCollection 2023.
The pharmacological profile of cannabigerol (CBG), which acid form constitutes the main precursor of the most abundant cannabinoids, has been scarcely studied. It has been reported to target αadrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor. The locus coeruleus (LC) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are the main serotonergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic (NA) areas in the rat brain, respectively. We aimed to study the effect of CBG on the firing rate of LC NA cells and DRN 5-HT cells and on α-adrenergic and 5-HT autoreceptors by electrophysiological techniques in male Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices. The effect of CBG on the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) and the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and the involvement of the 5-HT receptor was also studied. CBG (30 μM, 10 min) slightly changed the firing rate of NA cells but failed to alter the inhibitory effect of NA (1-100 µM). However, in the presence of CBG the inhibitory effect of the selective α-adrenoceptor agonist UK14304 (10 nM) was decreased. Perfusion with CBG (30 μM, 10 min) did not change the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells or the inhibitory effect of 5-HT (100 μM, 1 min) but it reduced the inhibitory effect of ipsapirone (100 nM). CBG failed to reverse ipsapirone-induced inhibition whereas perfusion with the 5-HT receptor antagonist WAY100635 (30 nM) completely restored the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells. In the EPMT, CBG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of time the rats spent on the open arms and the number of head-dipping but it reduced the anxiety index. In the NSFT, CBG decreased the time latency to eat in the novel environment but it did not alter home-cage consumption. The effect of CBG on the reduction of latency to feed was prevented by pretreatment with WAY100635 (1 mg/kg, i.p.). In conclusion, CBG hinders the inhibitory effect produced by selective α-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor agonists on the firing rate of NA-LC and 5-HT-DRN neurons by a yet unknown indirect mechanism in rat brain slices and produces anxiolytic-like effects through 5-HT receptor.
大麻二酚(CBG)的药理学特性鲜少被研究,其酸性形式是含量最为丰富的大麻素的主要前体。据报道,CBG作用于α肾上腺素能受体和5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体。蓝斑(LC)和中缝背核(DRN)分别是大鼠脑中主要的5-羟色胺能(5-HT)和去甲肾上腺素能(NA)区域。我们旨在通过电生理技术研究CBG对雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠脑片LC NA细胞和DRN 5-HT细胞的放电频率以及对α肾上腺素能和5-HT自身受体的影响。还研究了CBG对新奇抑制摄食试验(NSFT)和高架十字迷宫试验(EPMT)的影响以及5-HT受体的参与情况。CBG(30 μM,10分钟)轻微改变了NA细胞的放电频率,但未能改变NA(1 - 100 μM)的抑制作用。然而,在存在CBG的情况下,选择性α肾上腺素能受体激动剂UK14304(10 nM)的抑制作用减弱。用CBG(30 μM,10分钟)灌注未改变DRN 5-HT细胞的放电频率或5-HT(100 μM,1分钟)的抑制作用,但降低了 ipsapirone(100 nM)的抑制作用。CBG未能逆转ipsapirone诱导的抑制作用,而用5-HT受体拮抗剂WAY100635(30 nM)灌注则完全恢复了DRN 5-HT细胞的放电频率。在EPMT中,CBG(10 mg/kg,腹腔注射)显著增加了大鼠在开放臂上花费的时间百分比和探头部数,但降低了焦虑指数。在NSFT中,CBG缩短了在新环境中进食的时间潜伏期,但未改变在笼内的进食量。WAY100635(1 mg/kg,腹腔注射)预处理可阻止CBG对缩短进食潜伏期的作用。总之,在大鼠脑片中,CBG通过一种尚不清楚的间接机制阻碍了选择性α肾上腺素能受体和5-HT受体激动剂对NA-LC和5-HT-DRN神经元放电频率产生的抑制作用,并通过5-HT受体产生抗焦虑样作用。