Vamshikrishnapatel Kotha, Biswas Ratnadeep, Ojha Vishnu S, Hegde Aniketh V, Kumar Vijay
Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND.
Cureus. 2023 May 11;15(5):e38875. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38875. eCollection 2023 May.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global concern due to its varying clinical presentations and outcomes. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome, along with obstructive jaundice, is one of the rarest presentations of tuberculosis involving immune activation and has a very high mortality rate. Thus, on-time diagnosis becomes crucial for the management of the disease. Prompt treatment with anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) can limit the morbidity and mortality associated with it. We report the case of a 28-year-old male who presented with fever, yellowish discoloration of the skin, features of bicytopenia, jaundice with hepatosplenomegaly, and ascites. The liver function test (LFT) was suggestive of obstructive jaundice. TB was confirmed on the analysis of lymph node aspirates, and the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the thorax and abdomen was suggestive of disseminated tuberculosis. Upon investigation, the criteria for HLH were fulfilled. Bone marrow aspiration smears revealed multiple hemophagocytic histiocytes in the background of a hypercellular marrow, erythroid hyperplasia, and myeloid-to-erythroid ratio of 1:1. Thus, a diagnosis of disseminated TB with HLH and obstructive jaundice was established. A modified ATT regimen was started, keeping in mind the deranged LFT of the patient, but no immunosuppressive therapy was initiated as it could make the TB worse. This case demonstrates the fact that in cases of hemophagocytic syndrome with tuberculosis as an underlying cause, just starting ATT without immunosuppression could be rewarding and lifesaving.
结核病(TB)因其临床表现和转归各异而成为全球关注的疾病。噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)综合征与梗阻性黄疸一样,是结核病涉及免疫激活的最罕见表现之一,死亡率极高。因此,及时诊断对该疾病的管理至关重要。抗结核治疗(ATT)的及时应用可限制与之相关的发病率和死亡率。我们报告一例28岁男性病例,该患者出现发热、皮肤黄染、双血细胞减少症特征、伴有肝脾肿大和腹水的黄疸。肝功能检查(LFT)提示梗阻性黄疸。经淋巴结穿刺液分析确诊为结核病,胸部和腹部增强计算机断层扫描(CECT)提示播散性结核病。经检查,符合HLH的标准。骨髓穿刺涂片显示在骨髓细胞增多、红系增生以及髓系与红系比例为1:1的背景下有多个噬血细胞组织细胞。因此,确诊为伴有HLH和梗阻性黄疸的播散性结核病。考虑到患者肝功能紊乱,开始采用改良的ATT方案,但未启动免疫抑制治疗,因为这可能会使结核病病情加重。该病例表明,在以结核病为潜在病因的噬血细胞综合征病例中,仅开始ATT治疗而不进行免疫抑制治疗可能会取得良好效果并挽救生命。