Azani Alireza, Omran Sima Parvizi, Ghasrsaz Haniyeh, Idani Asra, Eliaderani Mahdis Kadkhodaei, Peirovi Niloufar, Dokhani Negar, Lotfalizadeh Mohamad Hassan, Rezaei Mohammadhadi Mohammadzadeh, Ghahfarokhi Mehrnoosh Shahgholian, KarkonShayan Sepideh, Hanjani Parisa Najari, Kardaan Zahra, Navashenagh Jamshid Gholizadeh, Yousefi Meysam, Abdolahi Mitra, Salmaninejad Arash
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Aug;248:154618. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154618. Epub 2023 Jun 13.
Globally, prostate cancer (PC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in the treatment and management of this disease, the cure rates for PC remains low, largely due to late detection. PC detection is mostly reliant on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE); however, due to the low positive predictive value of current diagnostics, there is an urgent need to identify new accurate biomarkers. Recent studies support the biological role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation and progression of PC, as well as their potential as novel biomarkers for patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and disease relapse. In the advanced stages, cancer-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) may constitute a significant part of circulating vesicles and cause detectable changes in the plasma vesicular miRNA profile. Recent computational model for the identification of miRNA biomarkers discussed. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs can be utilized to target PC cells. In this article, the current understanding of the role of microRNAs and exosomes in the pathogenesis and their significance in PC prognosis, early diagnosis, chemoresistance, and treatment are reviewed.
在全球范围内，前列腺癌（PC）是全球男性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。尽管在这种疾病的治疗和管理方面取得了重大进展，但PC的治愈率仍然很低，主要原因是检测延迟。PC检测主要依赖于前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）和直肠指检（DRE）；然而，由于当前诊断的阳性预测值较低，迫切需要识别新的准确生物标志物。最近的研究支持了微小RNA（miRNA）在PC发生和发展中的生物学作用，以及它们作为患者诊断、预后和疾病复发新生物标志物的潜力。在晚期，癌细胞衍生的小细胞外囊泡（SEV）可能构成循环囊泡的重要部分，并导致血浆囊泡miRNA谱发生可检测的变化。讨论了最近用于识别miRNA生物标志物的计算模型。此外，越来越多的证据表明，miRNA可用于靶向PC细胞。本文综述了目前对微小RNA和外泌体在发病机制中的作用及其在PC预后、早期诊断、化疗耐药性和治疗中的意义的理解。
