黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor）和暗黑鳃金龟（Alphitobius diaperinus）蛋白减缓体重增加并改善饮食诱导肥胖小鼠的代谢。

Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) Proteins Slowed Weight Gain and Improved Metabolism of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.

机构信息

Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.

The Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2023 Aug;153(8):2237-2248. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.014. Epub 2023 Jun 16.

DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.014

PMID:37331631

Abstract

BACKGROUND

High-protein diets not only meet amino acid needs but also modulate satiety and energy metabolism. Insect-based proteins are sustainable, high-quality proteins. Mealworms have been studied, but limited information is known about their ability to impact metabolism and obesity.

OBJECTIVE

We determined the effects of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)- and whole lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus)-based proteins on the body weight (BW), serum metabolites, and liver and adipose tissue (AT) histology and gene expression of diet-induced obesity mice.

METHODS

Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 46% kcal) to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obese mice were then assigned to treatments (n = 10/group) and fed for 8 wk: HFD: HFD with casein protein; B50: HFD with 50% protein from whole lesser mealworm; B100: HFD with 100% protein from whole lesser mealworm; Y50: HFD with 50% protein from defatted yellow mealworm; Y100: HFD with 100% protein from defatted yellow mealworm. Lean mice (n = 10) fed a low-fat-diet (LFD; 10% kcal) were included. Longitudinal food intake, BW, body composition, and glucose response were measured. At time of killing, serum metabolites, tissue histopathology and gene expression, and hepatic triglycerides were analyzed.

RESULTS

After 8 wk, HFD, B50, and B100 had greater (P < 0.05) weight gain than LFD, whereas Y50 and Y100 did not. Y50, B100, and Y100 had a lower (P < 0.05) BW change rate than HFD. Mealworm-based diets led to increased (P < 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduced (P < 0.05) serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations and reduced (P<0.05) LDL/HDL ratio. Mealworm-based diets led to increased (P < 0.05) hepatic expression of genes related to energy balance, immune response, and antioxidants and reduced (P < 0.05) AT expression of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Mealworm-based diets altered (P < 0.05) hepatic and AT expression of glucose and lipid metabolism genes.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to serving as an alternative protein source, mealworms may confer health benefits to obese patients.

摘要

背景

高蛋白饮食不仅能满足氨基酸需求，还能调节饱腹感和能量代谢。昆虫蛋白是可持续的高质量蛋白质。黄粉虫已经过研究，但关于它们对新陈代谢和肥胖影响的信息有限。

目的

我们确定脱脂黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor）和全小粉虫（Alphitobius diaperinus）蛋白对饮食诱导肥胖小鼠体重（BW）、血清代谢物、肝脏和脂肪组织（AT）组织学以及肝脏和 AT 基因表达的影响。

方法

雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠喂食高脂肪饮食（HFD；46%卡路里）以诱导肥胖和代谢综合征。然后将肥胖小鼠分为以下治疗组（每组 10 只）并喂养 8 周：HFD：HFD 中添加乳清蛋白；B50：HFD 中添加 50%全小粉虫蛋白；B100：HFD 中添加 100%全小粉虫蛋白；Y50：HFD 中添加 50%脱脂黄粉虫蛋白；Y100：HFD 中添加 100%脱脂黄粉虫蛋白。还包括 10 只低脂饮食（LFD；10%卡路里）喂养的瘦鼠。测量纵向食物摄入量、BW、体成分和葡萄糖反应。处死时分析血清代谢物、组织病理学和基因表达以及肝甘油三酯。

结果

8 周后，HFD、B50 和 B100 的体重增加高于 LFD（P < 0.05），而 Y50 和 Y100 则没有。Y50、B100 和 Y100 的 BW 变化率低于 HFD（P < 0.05）。黄粉虫饲料导致血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL）升高（P < 0.05）和血清低密度脂蛋白（LDL）降低（P < 0.05），LDL/HDL 比值降低（P < 0.05）。黄粉虫饲料导致与能量平衡、免疫反应和抗氧化剂相关的肝脏基因表达增加（P < 0.05），与炎症和细胞凋亡相关的脂肪组织基因表达降低（P < 0.05）。黄粉虫饲料改变了肝脏和 AT 与葡萄糖和脂质代谢相关的基因表达（P < 0.05）。