Yang Xueli, Li Peiyuan, Wang Zhi-Hua
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Discovery Partners Institute, University of Illinois System, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 15;344:118452. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118452. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
Urban areas experience numerous environmental challenges, among which the anthropogenic emissions of heat and carbon are two major contributors, the former is responsible for the notorious urban heat effect, the latter longterm climate changes. Moreover, the exchange of heat and carbon dioxide are closely interlinked in the built environment, and can form positive feedback loops that accelerate the degradation of urban environmental quality. Among a handful countermeasures for heat and carbon mitigation, urban irrigation is believed to be effective in cooling, yet the understanding of its impact on the co-evolution of heat and carbon emission remains obscure. In this study, we conducted multiphysics urban climate modeling for all urban areas in the contiguous United States, and evaluated the irrigation-induced cooling and carbon mitigation. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of urban irrigation on the potential heat-carbon feedback loop, with their strength of coupling quantified by an advanced causal inference method using the convergent cross mapping algorithms. It is found that the impact of urban irrigation varies vastly in geographically different cities, with its local and non-local effect unraveling distinct pathways of heat-carbon feedback mechanism.
城市地区面临众多环境挑战，其中人为热排放和碳排放是两个主要因素，前者导致了臭名昭著的城市热效应，后者造成长期气候变化。此外，在建筑环境中，热量和二氧化碳的交换紧密相连，并能形成正反馈循环，加速城市环境质量的恶化。在为数不多的减轻热量和碳排放的对策中，城市灌溉被认为在降温方面有效，但对其对热量和碳排放共同演变的影响的理解仍不明确。在本研究中，我们对美国本土所有城市地区进行了多物理场城市气候建模，并评估了灌溉引起的降温及碳减排效果。此外，我们评估了城市灌溉对潜在热碳反馈循环的影响，并用收敛交叉映射算法这一先进的因果推断方法对其耦合强度进行了量化。研究发现，城市灌溉的影响在地理上不同的城市中差异巨大，其局部和非局部效应揭示了热碳反馈机制的不同路径。
