Genetic Research Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
Arch Virol. 2023 Jun 23;168(7):188. doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05815-5.
The emergence and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that could compromise vaccine efficacy (VE) with re-infections in immunized individuals have necessitated continuous surveillance of VE. Here, the occurrence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of vaccination during the second wave of infection in Mumbai were evaluated. RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values of the open reading frame (ORF)/envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N) genes obtained from a total of 42415 samples, comprising unvaccinated (96.88%) and vaccinated cases (3.12%) were analyzed between December 28, 2020, and August 30, 2021. A lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated cases (5.07%) compared to partially vaccinated cases (6.5%) and unvaccinated cases (13.453%) was recorded. VE was significant after the first dose of vaccination (ORF gene p-value = 0.003429, and E/N gene p-value = 0.000866). Furthermore, VE was observed to be significant when the post-immunization (first dose) period was stratified to within 30 days (ORF gene p-value = 0.0094 and E/N gene p-value = 0.0023) and to 60 days following the second dose of vaccination (ORF gene p-value = 0.0238). Also, significantly higher efficacy was observed within individuals receiving two doses compared to a single dose (ORF gene p-value = 0.0132 and E/N gene p-value = 0.0387). The emergence of breakthrough infections was also evident (odds ratio= 0.34; 95% confidence interval= 0.27-0.43). Interestingly, viral loads trended towards being higher in some groups of partially vaccinated individuals compared to completely vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. Finally, our results delineated a significantly higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in males, asymptomatic individuals, individuals with comorbidities, and those who were unvaccinated.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）变体的出现和演变，可能导致免疫个体再次感染时疫苗效力（VE）降低，因此需要持续监测 VE。在这里，评估了在孟买第二次感染浪潮期间接种疫苗的情况下 SARS-CoV-2 感染的发生和动态。对总共 42415 份样本的开放阅读框（ORF）/包膜（E）/核衣壳（N）基因的 RT-PCR 循环阈值（Ct）值进行了分析，这些样本包括未接种（96.88%）和接种疫苗的病例（3.12%），时间范围为 2020 年 12 月 28 日至 2021 年 8 月 30 日。与部分接种（6.5%）和未接种（13.453%）病例相比，完全接种疫苗的病例 SARS-CoV-2 感染的发生率较低（5.07%）。接种第一剂疫苗后 VE 有显著意义（ORF 基因 p 值=0.003429，E/N 基因 p 值=0.000866）。此外，当将免疫后（第一剂）期分为 30 天内（ORF 基因 p 值=0.0094，E/N 基因 p 值=0.0023）和接种第二剂疫苗后 60 天内时，VE 观察到具有显著意义（ORF 基因 p 值=0.0238）。此外，与接受一剂相比，接受两剂的个体中观察到的疗效显著更高（ORF 基因 p 值=0.0132，E/N 基因 p 值=0.0387）。突破性感染的出现也很明显（优势比=0.34；95%置信区间=0.27-0.43）。有趣的是，与完全接种和未接种人群相比，部分接种个体中的一些群体的病毒载量趋势更高。最后，我们的结果描绘了男性、无症状个体、患有合并症的个体和未接种疫苗的个体 SARS-CoV-2 获得率显著更高。
