Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Qual Life Res. 2023 Dec;32(12):3475-3494. doi: 10.1007/s11136-023-03456-4. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
Cancer survivors are at elevated risk of psychological problems related to COVID-19, yet no published measure adequately assesses their psychosocial experiences during the pandemic.
Describe the development and factor structure of a comprehensive, self-report measure (COVID-19 Practical and Psychosocial Experiences questionnaire [COVID-PPE]) assessing the pandemic's impact on US cancer survivors.
The sample (n = 10,584) was divided into three groups to assess COVID-PPE factor structure by conducting: (1) initial calibration/exploratory analysis of the factor structure of 37 items (n = 5070), (2) confirmatory factor analysis of the best-fitting model (36 items after item removal; n = 5140), and (3) post-hoc confirmatory analysis with an additional six items not collected in the first two groups (42 items; n = 374).
The final COVID-PPE was divided into two sets of subscales, conceptualized as Risk Factors and Protective Factors. The five Risk Factors subscales were labeled Anxiety Symptoms, Depression Symptoms, Health Care Disruptions, Disruptions to Daily Activities and Social Interactions, and Financial Hardship. The four Protective Factors subscales were labeled Perceived Benefits, Provider Satisfaction, Perceived Stress Management Skills, and Social Support. Internal consistency was acceptable for seven subscales (αs = 0.726-0.895; ωs = 0.802-0.895) but poor or questionable for the remaining two subscales (αs = 0.599-0.681; ωs = 0.586-0.692).
To our knowledge, this is the first published self-report measure comprehensively capturing psychosocial impact-both positive and negative-of the pandemic on cancer survivors. Future work should evaluate predictive utility of COVID-PPE subscales, particularly as the pandemic evolves, which may inform recommendations for cancer survivors and facilitate identification of survivors most in need of intervention.
癌症幸存者患与 COVID-19 相关的心理问题的风险较高，但尚无已发表的测量工具能充分评估他们在大流行期间的心理社会体验。
描述一种综合的、自我报告的测量工具（COVID-19 实际和心理社会体验问卷 [COVID-PPE]）的开发和因子结构，该工具评估了大流行对美国癌症幸存者的影响。
样本（n=10584）分为三组，通过以下方式评估 COVID-PPE 因子结构：（1）对 37 项的因子结构进行初始校准/探索性分析（n=5070）；（2）对最佳拟合模型（删除 36 项后；n=5140）进行验证性因子分析；（3）在第一组和第二组中未收集的另外六项进行事后验证性分析（n=374）。
最终的 COVID-PPE 分为两组亚量表，概念化为危险因素和保护因素。五个危险因素亚量表分别为焦虑症状、抑郁症状、医疗保健中断、日常活动和社交互动中断以及经济困难。四个保护因素亚量表分别为感知益处、提供者满意度、感知压力管理技能和社会支持。七个亚量表的内部一致性可接受（αs=0.726-0.895；ωs=0.802-0.895），而其余两个亚量表的内部一致性较差或值得怀疑（αs=0.599-0.681；ωs=0.586-0.692）。
据我们所知，这是第一个发表的自我报告测量工具，全面捕捉了大流行对癌症幸存者的心理社会影响（包括积极和消极方面）。未来的工作应该评估 COVID-PPE 亚量表的预测效用，特别是随着大流行的发展，这可能为癌症幸存者提供建议，并有助于确定最需要干预的幸存者。
