Unidad de Nutrición Pública, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 15;11:1147542. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1147542. eCollection 2023.
Ethnic and racial differences in life expectancy have been well established in different societies. However, even though an important part of the population of Latin America is Indigenous, there is little knowledge about them.
Determine if there are ethnic differences in life expectancy at birth and at 60 years in Chile, and if the Mapuche (largest Indigenous ethnic group) have similar life expectancy to other Indigenous peoples.
Life tables for the Mapuche and other Indigenous groups and non-Indigenous people were built using the 2017 census. Specifically, we used the questions of the number of live children born and the number of surviving children. With this information, using the indirect method of own children we determined infantile mortality. Then, using the relational logit model and the model life table (west), we estimated the survival function for all ages.
Indigenous Chileans have seven years lower life expectancy at birth than the non-Indigenous population (76.2 vs. 83.2 years). The differential at age 60 is 6 years (20.3 vs. 26.4 years). We also found that Mapuche have an even greater disadvantage in survival than other ethnic groups. This is reflected in 2 years less life expectancy, both at birth and at 60 years.
Our results ratify the existence of marked ethnic-racial inequality in the extension of life in Chile and demonstrate a greater disadvantage in terms of survival of the Mapuche compared to other Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups. It is thus of great relevance to design policies that would decrease the existing inequalities in lifespan.
不同社会的预期寿命存在明显的种族和民族差异。然而，尽管拉丁美洲的重要人口是土著人，但对他们的了解甚少。
确定智利出生时和 60 岁时的预期寿命是否存在种族差异，以及马普切人（最大的土著民族群体）与其他土著民族的预期寿命是否相似。
使用 2017 年的人口普查数据为马普切人和其他土著群体以及非土著人构建生命表。具体来说，我们使用了活产子女数和存活子女数的问题。利用这些信息，通过自有子女的间接法确定婴儿死亡率。然后，使用关系逻辑模型和模型生命表（西部），我们估计了所有年龄段的生存函数。
智利土著人的出生时预期寿命比非土著人口低 7 年（76.2 岁对 83.2 岁）。60 岁时的差异为 6 年（20.3 岁对 26.4 岁）。我们还发现，马普切人的生存劣势比其他族群更大。这反映在出生时和 60 岁时的预期寿命都少了 2 年。
我们的研究结果证实了智利在生命延长方面存在明显的种族和民族不平等，并且表明马普切人在生存方面相对于其他土著和非土著群体处于更大的劣势。因此，制定减少现有寿命不平等的政策具有重要意义。
