接种过疫苗的有经验个体和接种过疫苗的无经验个体对武汉株和奥密克戎 BA.1 变异株刺突蛋白的抗体依赖性 NK 细胞和中和抗体反应。
Antibody-dependent NK-cell and neutralizing antibody responses against the Spike protein of Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated experienced and vaccinated naïve individuals.
机构信息
Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
出版信息
J Med Virol. 2023 Jul;95(7):e28900. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28900.
Antibodies triggering Fc-mediated NK cell activity may contribute to protection against disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. However, how these Fc-mediated humoral responses compare between individuals displaying hybrid immunity (Vac-ex) and those fully vaccinated with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Vac-n) and whether they correlate with neutralizing antibody (NtAb) responses remains largely undetermined. In this retrospective study serum samples from 50 individuals (median age, 44.5 years; range, 11-85; 25 males), 25 Vac-ex and 25 Vac-n were studied. A flow-cytometry-based antibody-mediated NK-cell activation assay was used to quantitate effector NK-cells stimulated to express LAMP1 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 1), MIP1 (Macrophage inflammatory protein 1), and interferon-γ (IFNγ); NK cells isolated from two donors (D1 and D2) were used. NtAb levels targeting the Spike protein of Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants were quantitated using a SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotyped neutralization assay. Regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant S antigen used in the NK-cell activation assay, the frequency of NK cells stimulated to express LAMP-1, MIP1β, and IFNγ was higher in Vac-ex compared with Vac-n (p values ranging from 0.07 to 0.006) for D1; this was only seen for BA.1 when NK cells from D2 were employed. The frequency of functional NK cells activated by antibody binding to either Wuhan-Hu-1 or Omicron BA.1 S protein was not significantly different for both VAC-ex and VAC-n. In contrast, NtAb titers against BA.1 were around 10-fold lower than that against Wuhan-Hu-1. Vac-ex displayed higher NtAb titers against both (sub)variants than Vac-n. NK-cell responses correlated poorly with NtAb titers (ρ ≤ 0.30). The data demonstrate higher cross-reactivity across variants of concern for antibodies triggering Fc-mediated NK cell than for NtAb. Moreover, Vac-Ex seemed to display more robust functional antibody responses as compared with Vac-n.
触发 Fc 介导的 NK 细胞活性的抗体可能有助于预防人类 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的疾病。然而,在显示混合免疫(Vac-ex)的个体和完全接种疫苗且无 SARS-CoV-2 感染史的个体(Vac-n)之间,这些 Fc 介导的体液反应如何进行比较,以及它们是否与中和抗体(NtAb)反应相关,这些问题在很大程度上仍未得到确定。在这项回顾性研究中,研究了 50 名个体(中位数年龄 44.5 岁;范围 11-85;25 名男性)的血清样本,其中 25 名 Vac-ex 和 25 名 Vac-n。使用基于流式细胞术的抗体介导的 NK 细胞激活测定法来定量刺激表达 LAMP1(溶酶体相关膜蛋白 1)、MIP1(巨噬细胞炎性蛋白 1)和干扰素-γ(IFNγ)的效应 NK 细胞;使用从两个供体(D1 和 D2)分离的 NK 细胞。使用 SARS-CoV-2 S 假型中和测定法定量针对武汉-Hu-1 和奥密克戎 BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 变体的 Spike 蛋白的 NtAb 水平。无论 NK 细胞激活测定中使用的 SARS-CoV-2 变体 S 抗原如何,与 Vac-n 相比,Vac-ex 刺激表达 LAMP-1、MIP1β 和 IFNγ 的 NK 细胞的频率更高(p 值范围为 0.07 至 0.006),对于 D1 而言,当使用 D2 的 NK 细胞时,仅观察到 BA.1。通过抗体与武汉-Hu-1 或奥密克戎 BA.1 S 蛋白结合激活功能性 NK 细胞的频率在 Vac-ex 和 Vac-n 之间没有显着差异。相比之下,针对 BA.1 的 NtAb 滴度比针对武汉-Hu-1 的 NtAb 滴度低约 10 倍。Vac-ex 对两种(亚)变体的 NtAb 滴度均高于 Vac-n。NK 细胞反应与 NtAb 滴度相关性较差(ρ≤0.30)。数据表明,触发 Fc 介导的 NK 细胞的抗体对变体的交叉反应性高于 NtAb。此外,与 Vac-n 相比,Vac-ex 似乎显示出更强的功能性抗体反应。