Martins José Manuel, Varino Ricardo, Charneca Rui, Albuquerque André, Garrido Nicolás, Neves José, Freitas Amadeu, Costa Filipa, Marmelo Carla, Ramos Amélia, Martin Luísa
MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Zootecnia, ECT-Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, 3440-131 S. Comba Dão, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 6;13(13):2221. doi: 10.3390/ani13132221.
This trial evaluated the effect of sex on the blood, growth, carcass, meat quality, and boar taint compounds in male Alentejano (AL) pigs ( = 30). From ~40 to 130 kg LW, castrated (C) and intact pigs (I and IExp groups) were fed commercial diets . Between ~130 and 160 kg (slaughter), C and I pigs continued on commercial diets, while IExp were fed an experimental diet containing locally produced pulses and by-products aimed at reducing boar taint. At ~160 kg, blood urea levels were higher in IExp than C pigs, triacylglycerols were lower in both intact groups, and cortisol was lower in IExp. IExp pigs exhibited faster growth, improved feed conversion ratio, carcass higher commercial yield and leaner meat than C pigs. The loin intramuscular fat in intact pigs was lower, less saturated and more polyunsaturated, while total collagen was higher. Fat androstenone content was higher in intact pigs and skatole content was similar across treatments, although they were below threshold values for consumer detection. Finally, although boar taint compounds were low in intact AL pigs raised outdoors, adding pulses and by-products to the experimental diet did not result in a reduction in fat skatole content compared to pigs fed the commercial diet.
本试验评估了性别对雄性阿连特茹（AL）猪（n = 30）的血液、生长、胴体、肉质和公猪膻味化合物的影响。从体重约40千克至130千克期间，去势猪（C）和未去势猪（I组和IExp组）饲喂商业日粮。在体重约130千克至160千克（屠宰）期间，C组和I组猪继续饲喂商业日粮，而IExp组猪饲喂一种含有当地生产的豆类和副产品的试验日粮，旨在减少公猪膻味。在体重约160千克时，IExp组猪的血尿素水平高于C组猪，两个未去势组的三酰甘油水平较低，IExp组的皮质醇水平较低。IExp组猪比C组猪生长更快，饲料转化率更高，胴体商业产量更高且肉质更瘦。未去势猪的腰大肌肌内脂肪含量较低，饱和度较低且多不饱和程度较高，而总胶原蛋白含量较高。未去势猪的脂肪雄烯酮含量较高，粪臭素含量在各处理间相似，尽管它们低于消费者可检测的阈值。最后，尽管户外饲养的未去势AL猪的公猪膻味化合物含量较低，但与饲喂商业日粮的猪相比，在试验日粮中添加豆类和副产品并未降低脂肪粪臭素含量。
