Discipline of Public Health and Management, Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 23;15(13):2853. doi: 10.3390/nu15132853.
This study investigates food literacy-related abilities and adherence to dietary recommendations in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and health-related features (health literacy, self-rated health and morbidity) in the North-Western region of Romania. This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in 2019 from a representative and randomised sample of 1572 individuals. A questionnaire was employed to record participants' sociodemographic characteristics, food-related and health-related features. Most participants were non-adherent to dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetables (83.5%), fish and seafood (61.3%), and water intake (67.9%). However, most participants reported an adequate ability to understand the connection between nutrition and health (89.1%), to distinguish between healthy and less healthy options (84.4%), and to acquire nutrition information (75.6%). Non-adherence to dietary recommendations and low food literacy abilities were more prevalent in disadvantaged groups (older age, rural settings, retirement or social welfare, low educational attainment, formerly married). Health literacy was negatively associated with not adhering to dietary recommendations and poor self-rated food literacy abilities. The study suggests that low socioeconomic status negatively impacts food literacy and adherence to dietary recommendations among Romanian adults. Identifying target populations to improve food-related abilities and health literacy can aid public health services in improving health outcomes.
本研究调查了罗马尼亚西北部与社会人口特征和健康相关特征（健康素养、自我评估健康状况和发病）相关的食品素养相关能力和对饮食建议的遵守情况。这是对 2019 年从代表性和随机抽样的 1572 名个体中收集的横断面数据进行的二次分析。问卷调查记录了参与者的社会人口特征、与食品相关的特征和健康相关的特征。大多数参与者不遵守水果和蔬菜（83.5%）、鱼和海鲜（61.3%）以及水摄入（67.9%）的饮食建议。然而，大多数参与者报告说他们有足够的能力理解营养与健康之间的联系（89.1%）、区分健康和不太健康的选择（84.4%）以及获取营养信息（75.6%）。在弱势群体中，不遵守饮食建议和低食品素养能力更为普遍（年龄较大、农村地区、退休或社会福利、教育程度低、已婚）。健康素养与不遵守饮食建议和较差的自我评估食品素养能力呈负相关。该研究表明，罗马尼亚成年人的社会经济地位较低会对食品素养和对饮食建议的遵守产生负面影响。确定目标人群以提高与食品相关的能力和健康素养可以帮助公共卫生服务改善健康结果。
