Ahmed Doaa A, El-Apasery Morsy A, Aly Amal A, Ragai Shereen M
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11757, Egypt.
Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute (TRT), National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Cairo 12622, Egypt.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jun 28;15(13):2865. doi: 10.3390/polym15132865.
Untreated wastewater pollution causes environmental degradation, health issues, and ecosystem disruption. Geopolymers offer sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional cement-based materials for wastewater solidification and removal. In this study, we investigate how wastewater containing organic and inorganic pollutants can be removed using geopolymer mixes based on metakaolin incorporation with cement kiln dust as an eco-friendly material. The present investigation compares the efficacy of two different techniques (solidification and adsorption) for reducing dye contaminants and heavy metals from wastewater using a geopolymer based on metakaolin incorporation with cement kiln dust. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of a geopolymer based on metakaolin incorporating two different ratios (20% and 40% by weight) of cement kiln dust (MC1 and MC2) for the reactive black 5 dyeing bath effluent (RBD) only and in a combination of 1200 mg/L of Pb and Cd, each separately, in aqueous solutions under different adsorption parameters. The results of the adsorption technique for the two prepared geopolymer mixes, MC1 and MC2, show that MC1 has a higher adsorption activity than MC2 toward the reactive black 5 dyeing bath effluent both alone and in combination with Pb and Cd ions separately. The study also looked at using MC1 mix to stabilize and solidify both the dyeing bath effluent alone and its combination with 1200 mg/L of each heavy metal individually inside the geopolymer matrix for different time intervals up to 60 days of water curing at room temperature. The geopolymer matrix formed during the process was analyzed using FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques to examine the phases of hydration products formed. The results showed that MC1 effectively adsorbs, stabilizes, and solidifies the dying bath effluent for up to 60 days, even with high heavy metal concentrations. On the other hand, geopolymer mixes showed an increase in mechanical properties when hydration time was increased to 60 days. According to our findings, the type of geopolymer developed from metakaolin and 20 wt.% cement kiln dust has the potential to be employed in the treatment of wastewater because it has good adsorption and solidification activity for the reactive black 5 dye effluent alone and for a mixture of dye pollutants with both Pb and Cd ions separately. Our results have significant implications for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation efforts, as they offer a sustainable solution for managing hazardous waste materials.
未经处理的废水污染会导致环境退化、健康问题和生态系统破坏。地质聚合物为废水固化和去除提供了可持续、环保的替代传统水泥基材料的选择。在本研究中，我们探究了如何使用基于偏高岭土与水泥窑灰混合的地质聚合物混合物来去除含有有机和无机污染物的废水，水泥窑灰是一种环保材料。本研究比较了两种不同技术（固化和吸附）使用基于偏高岭土与水泥窑灰的地质聚合物从废水中去除染料污染物和重金属的效果。本研究调查了一种基于偏高岭土并掺入两种不同比例（重量比20%和40%）水泥窑灰（MC1和MC2）的地质聚合物对活性黑5染色浴废水（RBD）以及在不同吸附参数下的水溶液中分别单独含有1200mg/L的铅和镉的组合的吸附容量。两种制备的地质聚合物混合物MC1和MC2的吸附技术结果表明，MC1对活性黑5染色浴废水单独以及分别与铅和镉离子组合时均具有比MC2更高的吸附活性。该研究还研究了使用MC1混合物在地质聚合物基质中单独稳定和固化染色浴废水及其与每种重金属1200mg/L的组合，在室温下水养护长达60天的不同时间间隔。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）技术分析了过程中形成的地质聚合物基质，以检查形成的水化产物的相。结果表明，即使在重金属浓度较高的情况下，MC1也能有效吸附、稳定和固化染色浴废水长达60天。另一方面，当地化时间增加到60天时，地质聚合物混合物的机械性能有所提高。根据我们的研究结果，由偏高岭土和20wt.%水泥窑灰开发的地质聚合物类型有潜力用于废水处理，因为它对活性黑5染料废水单独以及对染料污染物与铅和镉离子的混合物分别具有良好的吸附和固化活性。我们的结果对废水处理和环境修复工作具有重要意义，因为它们为管理危险废物材料提供了一种可持续的解决方案。
