LaBar Kevin S
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2023;64:79-101. doi: 10.1007/7854_2023_429.
Extinguishing fear and defensive responses to environmental threats when they are no longer warranted is a critical learning ability that can promote healthy self-regulation and, ultimately, reduce susceptibility to or maintenance of affective-, trauma-, stressor-,and anxiety-related disorders. Neuroimaging tools provide an important means to uncover the neural mechanisms of effective extinction learning that, in turn, can abate the return of fear. Here I review the promises and pitfalls of functional neuroimaging as a method to investigate fear extinction circuitry in the healthy human brain. I discuss the extent to which neuroimaging has validated the core circuits implicated in rodent models and has expanded the scope of the brain regions implicated in extinction processes. Finally, I present new advances made possible by multivariate data analysis tools that yield more refined insights into the brain-behavior relationships involved.
当环境威胁不再存在时消除对其的恐惧和防御反应，是一种关键的学习能力，它可以促进健康的自我调节，并最终降低患情感、创伤、应激源和焦虑相关障碍的易感性或维持此类障碍的可能性。神经成像工具为揭示有效消退学习的神经机制提供了重要手段，而这种神经机制反过来又可以减少恐惧的复发。在此，我将回顾功能神经成像作为一种研究健康人类大脑中恐惧消退神经回路的方法所具有的前景和缺陷。我将讨论神经成像在多大程度上验证了啮齿动物模型中涉及的核心回路，并扩展了与消退过程相关的脑区范围。最后，我将介绍多变量数据分析工具所带来的新进展，这些工具能够对其中涉及的脑-行为关系产生更精确的见解。
