Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint managed with arthroscopy: a case report.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (SATMJ) is an uncommon bacterial or fungal infection of the joint space. A 68-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus and a history of liver transplant, who was on immunosuppressants, presented to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of the authors´ institution in Portugal. His main symptoms were arthralgia in the right temporomandibular joint, malocclusion, pre-auricular swelling and erythema. After clinical, laboratory, and imaging evaluations, diagnoses of chronic suppurative otitis media and SATMJ were made. The patient was managed with arthroscopy of the right temporomandibular joint, which allowed joint fluid collection for microbiological examination, lavage, and biopsy. The biopsy sample was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After surgery, targeted intravenous antibiotic treatment (amikacin) was given for 30 days. No recurrence of any complaints was reported after 12 months of follow-up.