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基因组和转录组有助于揭示枝霉属真菌复杂的生命周期,该真菌是蚊子和小型甲壳类动物的专性寄生虫。

Genomes and transcriptomes help unravel the complex life cycle of the blastoclad fungus, , an obligate parasite of mosquitoes and microcrustaceans.

作者信息

Ettinger Cassandra L, Ostovar Talieh, Yacoub Mark, Ahrendt Steven, Hice Robert H, Federici Brian A, Stajich Jason E

机构信息

Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521.

UCR/SDSU Joint Doctoral Program in Evolutionary Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182.

出版信息

Mycologia. 2023 Sep-Oct;115(5):630-647. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2228182. Epub 2023 Jul 26.

Abstract

Species of the phylum Blastocladiomycota, early-diverging zoosporic (flagellated) lineages of fungi, are vastly understudied. This phylum includes the genus , which consists of more than 80 fungal species that are obligate parasites of arthropods. Known species lack a complete asexual life cycle, instead surviving through an obligate heterecious alternation of generations life cycle. Despite their global distribution and interesting life cycle, little is known about the genomics of any species. To address this, we generated three draft-level genomes and annotations for representing its haploid meiospore, orange gamete, and amber gamete life stages. These draft genome assemblies ranged in size from 5002 to 5799 contigs, with a total length of 19.8-22.8 Mb and a mean of 7416 protein-coding genes. We then demonstrated the utility of these genomes by combining the draft annotations as a reference for analysis of transcriptomes. We analyzed transcriptomes from across host-associated life stages, including infected larvae and excised mature sporangia from the mosquito . We identified differentially expressed genes and enriched GO terms both across and within life stages and used these to make hypotheses about biology. Generally, we found the transcriptome to be a complex and dynamic expression landscape; GO terms related to metabolism and transport processes were enriched during infection and terms related to dispersal were enriched during sporulation. We further identified five high mobility group (HMG)-box genes in , three belonging to clades with mating type (MAT) loci from other fungi, as well as four ortholog expansions in compared with other fungi. The genomes and transcriptomes reported here are a valuable resource and may be leveraged toward furthering understanding of the biology of these and other early-diverging fungal lineages.

摘要

芽枝霉门的物种是真菌中早期分化的游动孢子(具鞭毛)谱系,目前对其研究极为不足。该门包括 属,该属由80多种真菌物种组成,这些物种是节肢动物的专性寄生虫。已知的 物种缺乏完整的无性生命周期,而是通过专性的异宗世代交替生命周期存活。尽管它们分布于全球且具有有趣的生命周期,但对任何 物种的基因组学却知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,我们生成了三个草图级别的基因组及注释,分别代表其单倍体减数分裂孢子、橙色配子和琥珀色配子的生命阶段。这些草图基因组组装的大小从5002到5799个重叠群不等,总长度为19.8 - 22.8 Mb,平均有7416个蛋白质编码基因。然后,我们通过将草图注释组合作为分析 转录组的参考,展示了这些基因组的实用性。我们分析了宿主相关生命阶段的转录组,包括受感染的幼虫以及从蚊子 中切除的成熟孢子囊。我们在不同生命阶段之间和之内鉴定了差异表达基因并富集了GO术语,并利用这些来对 的生物学特性提出假设。总体而言,我们发现 的转录组是一个复杂且动态的表达景观;与代谢和运输过程相关的GO术语在感染期间富集,与传播相关的术语在孢子形成期间富集。我们还在 中鉴定出五个高迁移率族(HMG)-盒基因,其中三个属于与其他真菌的交配型(MAT)位点相关的进化枝,并且与其他真菌相比, 在四个直系同源基因上有扩增。本文报道的 基因组和转录组是宝贵的资源,可用于进一步了解这些及其他早期分化真菌谱系的生物学特性。

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