Al-Senani Ghadah M, Nasr Mervat, Zayed Mohamed, Ali Sahar S, Alshaikh Hind, Abd El-Salam Hanafy M, Shaban Mohamed
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
Membranes (Basel). 2023 Jul 8;13(7):654. doi: 10.3390/membranes13070654.
Water treatment is regarded as one of the essential elements of sustainability. To lower the cost of treatment, the wastewater volume is reduced via the osmotic process. Here, mixed-matrix woven forward osmosis (MMWFO) PES membranes modified by a TiO/NaTiO (TNT) nanocomposite were fabricated for treating water from different sources. Various techniques were used to characterize the TNT nanocomposite. The crystal structure of TNT is a mix of monoclinic NaTiO and anorthic TiO with a preferred orientation of (2-11). The SEM image shows that the surface morphology of the TNT nanocomposite is a forked nano-fur with varying sizes regularly distributed throughout the sample. The impact of TNT wt.% on membrane surface morphologies, functional groups, hydrophilicity, and performance was investigated. Additionally, using distilled water (DW) as the feed solution (FS), the effects of various NaCl concentrations, draw solutions, and membrane orientations on the performance of the mixed-matrix membranes were tested. Different water samples obtained from various sources were treated as the FS using the optimized PES/TNT (0.01 wt.%) MMWFO membrane. Using textile effluent as the FS, the impact of various NaCl DS concentrations on the permeated water volume was investigated. The results show that the MMWFO membrane generated with the TNT nanocomposite at a 0.01 wt.% ratio performed better in FO mode. After 30 min of use with 1 M NaCl and various sources of water as the FS, the optimized MMWFO membrane provided a steady water flow and exhibited antifouling behavior. DW performed better than other water types whenever it was used owing to its greater flow (136 LMH) and volume reduction (52%). Tap water (TW), textile industrial wastewater (TIWW), gray water (GW), and municipal wastewater (MW) showed volume reductions of 41%, 34%, 33%, and 31.9%, respectively. Additionally, when utilizing NaCl as the DS and TIWW as the FS, 1 M NaCl resulted in more permeated water than 0.25 M and 0.5 M, yet a higher volume reduction of 41% was obtained.
水处理被视为可持续发展的基本要素之一。为了降低处理成本，通过渗透过程减少废水量。在此，制备了由TiO/NaTiO（TNT）纳米复合材料改性的混合基质编织正向渗透（MMWFO）聚醚砜（PES）膜，用于处理不同来源的水。采用了各种技术对TNT纳米复合材料进行表征。TNT的晶体结构是单斜NaTiO和三斜TiO的混合物，择优取向为(2-11)。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示，TNT纳米复合材料的表面形态是一种叉状纳米毛，大小各异，在整个样品中规则分布。研究了TNT重量百分比对膜表面形态、官能团、亲水性和性能的影响。此外，以蒸馏水（DW）作为进料溶液（FS），测试了不同NaCl浓度、汲取溶液和膜取向对混合基质膜性能的影响。使用优化后的PES/TNT（0.01重量%）MMWFO膜，将从不同来源获得的不同水样作为FS进行处理。以纺织废水作为FS，研究了不同NaCl汲取溶液（DS）浓度对渗透水量的影响。结果表明，以0.01重量%比例的TNT纳米复合材料制成的MMWFO膜在正向渗透（FO）模式下表现更好。在以1M NaCl和各种水源作为FS使用30分钟后，优化后的MMWFO膜提供了稳定的水流，并表现出抗污染性能。每当使用DW时，由于其流量更大（136升/平方米·小时）和体积减少率更高（52%），其表现优于其他类型的水。自来水（TW）、纺织工业废水（TIWW）、中水（GW）和城市污水（MW）的体积减少率分别为41%、34%、33%和31.9%。此外，当以NaCl作为DS且TIWW作为FS时，1M NaCl产生的渗透水比0.25M和0.5M更多，但体积减少率更高，为41%。
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