Turin Lauretta, Piccione Marina Michela, Crosa Fabio, Dall'Ara Paola, Filipe Joel, Zarucco Laura
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences (DSV), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2023 Jul 13;10(7):460. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10070460.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are emerging as multipurpose therapeutic compounds for the treatment of several different syndromes involving peripheral and central nervous systems, and muscular and musculoskeletal disorders both in human and veterinary medicine. Therefore, the study of BoNTs is rapidly developing and identifying newly produced BoNT variants. Efforts should be made to clarify the biological and pharmacological characteristics of these novel BoNTs as well as the natural ones. The high potential of BoNTs as a therapeutic compound for medical syndromes lies in its ability to reach a specific cell type while bypassing other cells, thus having mild or no side effects. In this paper the recent developments in BoNTs are reviewed with the aim of analyzing the current knowledge on BoNTs' biological mechanisms of action, immunogenicity, formulations, and therapeutic applications in the veterinary field, highlighting advantages and drawbacks and identifying the gaps to be filled in order to address research priorities.
肉毒杆菌神经毒素（BoNTs）正逐渐成为一种多功能治疗化合物，用于治疗人类和兽医学中涉及外周和中枢神经系统以及肌肉和肌肉骨骼疾病的多种不同综合征。因此，对BoNTs的研究正在迅速发展，并不断鉴定出新产生的BoNT变体。应努力阐明这些新型BoNTs以及天然BoNTs的生物学和药理学特性。BoNTs作为治疗医学综合征的化合物的巨大潜力在于其能够在绕过其他细胞的同时作用于特定细胞类型，从而具有轻微或无副作用。本文综述了BoNTs的最新进展，旨在分析目前关于BoNTs的生物学作用机制、免疫原性、制剂以及在兽医领域的治疗应用的知识，突出其优缺点，并确定需要填补的空白，以确定研究重点。
