Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 21;14:1218320. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218320. eCollection 2023.
After the metabolic syndrome and its components, thyroid disorders represent the most common endocrine disorders, with increasing prevalence in the last two decades. Thyroid dysfunctions are distinguished by hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or inflammation (thyroiditis) of the thyroid gland, in addition to the presence of thyroid nodules that can be benign or malignant. Thyroid cancer is typically detected an ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and cytological examination of the specimen. This approach has significant limitations due to the small sample size and inability to characterize follicular lesions adequately. Due to the rapid advancement of high-throughput molecular biology techniques, it is now possible to identify new biomarkers for thyroid neoplasms that can supplement traditional imaging modalities in postoperative surveillance and aid in the preoperative cytology examination of indeterminate or follicular lesions. Here, we review current knowledge regarding biomarkers that have been reliable in detecting thyroid neoplasms, making them valuable tools for assessing the efficacy of surgical procedures or adjunctive treatment after surgery. We are particularly interested in providing an up-to-date and systematic review of emerging biomarkers, such as mRNA and non-coding RNAs, that can potentially detect thyroid neoplasms in clinical settings. We discuss evidence for miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA dysregulation in several thyroid neoplasms and assess their potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
在代谢综合征及其成分之后，甲状腺疾病是最常见的内分泌疾病，在过去二十年中其患病率不断增加。甲状腺功能障碍包括甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退或甲状腺炎（甲状腺炎），此外还存在甲状腺结节，这些结节可能是良性的也可能是恶性的。甲状腺癌通常通过超声（US）引导的细针抽吸活检（FNAB）和对标本的细胞学检查来检测。由于样本量小且无法充分描述滤泡性病变，这种方法存在显著局限性。由于高通量分子生物学技术的快速发展，现在可以识别用于甲状腺肿瘤的新型生物标志物，这些生物标志物可以补充传统的影像学方法，用于术后监测，并有助于术前对不确定或滤泡性病变的细胞学检查。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于可靠检测甲状腺肿瘤的生物标志物的知识，这些生物标志物是评估手术效果或术后辅助治疗的有价值工具。我们特别感兴趣的是提供有关新兴生物标志物（如 mRNA 和非编码 RNA）的最新和系统的综述，这些生物标志物可能在临床环境中用于检测甲状腺肿瘤。我们讨论了几种甲状腺肿瘤中 miRNA、lncRNA 和 circRNA 失调的证据，并评估了它们作为诊断和预后生物标志物的潜力。
