Sajid Muhammad, Amjid Muhammad, Munir Hassan, Ahmad Muhammad, Zulfiqar Usman, Ali Muhammad Fraz, Abul Farah Mohammad, Ahmed Mohamed A A, Artyszak Arkadiusz
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jul 25;12(15):2759. doi: 10.3390/plants12152759.
Stumpy irrigation water availability is extremely important for sugarcane production in Pakistan today. This issue is rising inversely to river flow due to inadequate water distribution and an uneven rainfall pattern. Sugarcane growth faces a shortage of available water for plant uptake due to the low water-holding capacity of sandy loam soil, particularly under conventional flood irrigation methods. To address this problem, sugarcane clones were evaluated for their agronomic and physiological traits under conditions of low water availability in sandy loam soil. Ten cane genotypes, HSF-240, SPF-213, CPF-249, CP 77-400, S2008-FD-19, S2006-US-469, S2007-AUS-384, S2003-US-633, S2003-US-127, and S2006-US-658, were exposed to four levels of water deficit created through skip irrigations. These deficit levels occurred during the 9th, 11th, 13th, and 16th irrigations at alternate deficit levels between 2020 and 2022. Physiological data were collected during the tillering and grand growth stages (elongation) in response to the water deficit. The sugarcane clones S2006-US-658, S2007-AUS-384, and HSF-240 exhibited resistance to low water availability at both the tillering and grand growth stages. Following them, genotypes S2006-US-658, S2007-AUS-384, and HSF-240 performed better and were also found to be statistically significant. Clones susceptible to water deficit in terms of growth and development were identified as CP 77-400, S2008-FD-19, S2006-US-469, and S2003-US-633. These genotypes showed reduced photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, cane yield, and proline content under stressed conditions. Therefore, genotypes S2006-US-658, S2007-AUS-384, and HSF-240 were better performers concerning physiological traits under water deficit and sandy loam soil in both years. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was assessed between agronomic traits and photosynthetic rats. This study highlights that sugarcane can sustain its growth and development even with less irrigation frequency or moisture availability, albeit with certain specific variations.
如今，在巴基斯坦，甘蔗灌溉用水的可获取性对甘蔗生产极为重要。由于水资源分配不足和降雨模式不均，这一问题与河流流量呈反比上升。由于砂壤土的持水能力低，特别是在传统的漫灌方式下，甘蔗生长面临植物可吸收的可用水短缺的问题。为解决这一问题，在砂壤土低水可用条件下对甘蔗克隆品种的农艺和生理特性进行了评估。十个甘蔗基因型，即HSF - 240、SPF - 213、CPF - 249、CP 77 - 400、S2008 - FD - 19、S2006 - US - 469、S2007 - AUS - 384、S2003 - US - 633、S2003 - US - 127和S2006 - US - 658，通过间隔灌溉设置了四个水分亏缺水平。这些亏缺水平在2020年至2022年期间的第9次、第11次、第13次和第16次灌溉时交替出现亏缺水平。在分蘖期和大生长阶段（伸长）收集了响应水分亏缺的生理数据。甘蔗克隆品种S2006 - US - 658、S2007 - AUS - 384和HSF - 240在分蘖期和大生长阶段均表现出对低水可用的抗性。紧随其后的是，基因型S2006 - US - 658、S2007 - AUS - 384和HSF - 240表现更好，并且在统计上也具有显著意义。在生长和发育方面易受水分亏缺影响的克隆品种被鉴定为CP 77 - 400、S2008 - FD - 19、S2006 - US - 469和S2003 - US - 633。在胁迫条件下，这些基因型的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、相对含水量、甘蔗产量和脯氨酸含量均降低。因此，在这两年中，基因型S2006 - US - 658、S2007 - AUS - 384和HSF - 240在水分亏缺和砂壤土条件下的生理特性表现更好。此外，评估发现农艺性状与光合速率之间存在显著正相关。这项研究强调，即使灌溉频率较低或水分可用性较低，甘蔗仍能维持其生长和发育，尽管存在某些特定差异。
