Njeru Josiah, Odero Joshua, Chebore Sheilla, Ndung'u Mungai, Tanui Emmanuel, Wesangula Evelyn, Ndanyi Romona, Githii Susan, Gunturu Revathi, Mwangi Willy, Mutonga David, Dahourou Anicet, Thaiyah Andrew
USAID Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance (IDDS) Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
National Antimicrobial Stewardship Interagency Committee (NASIC), Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Aug 1;14:1142622. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142622. eCollection 2023.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly severe threat to global public health that requires action across different sectors. Selection of appropriate antimicrobials is an urgent challenge due to the emergence of drug resistance. In 2017, Kenya developed an AMR policy and National Action Plan to drive prevention and containment of AMR. A priority activity under AMR surveillance strategic objective was to develop a national AMR training curriculum for in-service healthcare workers. In this paper we discuss the development process, gains achieved through implementation across the country and lessons learned.
An initial stakeholders' forum was convened to brainstorm on the process for developing the curriculum and some issues deliberated upon include the design approach, development roadmap, curriculum outline and scope, delivery, and evaluation methodologies. A dedicated team of subject matter experts (SMEs), drawn from the project and government ministries, compiled the initial draft of the curriculum and later the training materials. A series of other stakeholders' meetings were convened to review these materials. The National Antimicrobial Stewardship Interagency Committee (NASIC) of the MOH in Kenya identified a team of experts from academia, research, and government to work with the SMEs in reviewing and providing valuable inputs to the curriculum. Additionally, principles of adult learning and a One Health approach for development were considered as AMR has drivers and impacts across sectors. A validation workshop was held to finalize the documents with a formal launch conducted during the World Antibiotics Awareness Week of 2020.
A multisectoral AMR surveillance training curriculum and facilitator and trainee manuals were developed and endorsed by MOH and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives within one year. Over 500 healthcare workers in 19 counties were trained, with overwhelming adoption by other stakeholders in Kenya and beyond.
This curriculum was developed to standardize training for AMR detection and surveillance. The central role played by the MOH ensured expeditious development and roll-out of this curriculum. The in-service curriculum, now available on an e-learning platform, provides a ready opportunity to build capacity of healthcare professionals. Additional resources are needed to standardize and scale these efforts to reach all healthcare workers.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）对全球公共卫生构成了日益严重的威胁，需要不同部门采取行动。由于耐药性的出现，选择合适的抗菌药物是一项紧迫的挑战。2017年，肯尼亚制定了一项AMR政策和国家行动计划，以推动AMR的预防和控制。AMR监测战略目标下的一项优先活动是为在职医护人员制定全国AMR培训课程。在本文中，我们讨论了开发过程、在全国实施过程中取得的成果以及吸取的经验教训。
召开了一次初始利益相关者论坛，就课程开发过程进行头脑风暴，讨论的一些问题包括设计方法、开发路线图、课程大纲和范围、授课方式以及评估方法。一个由来自项目和政府部门的主题专家（SME）组成的专门团队编写了课程初稿以及后续的培训材料。召开了一系列其他利益相关者会议来审查这些材料。肯尼亚卫生部的国家抗菌药物管理跨部门委员会（NASIC）确定了一组来自学术界、研究界和政府的专家，与主题专家一起审查课程并提供有价值的意见。此外，由于AMR在各部门都有驱动因素和影响，因此在课程开发过程中考虑了成人学习原则和“同一健康”发展方法。举办了一次验证研讨会以最终确定文件，并于2020年世界抗生素 Awareness Week期间正式发布。
在一年内，卫生部和农业、畜牧、渔业及合作社部制定并批准了一份多部门AMR监测培训课程以及培训 facilitator手册和学员手册。19个县的500多名医护人员接受了培训，肯尼亚及其他地区的其他利益相关者也广泛采用了该课程。
本课程旨在规范AMR检测和监测培训。卫生部发挥的核心作用确保了该课程的迅速开发和推出。现在可在电子学习平台上获取的在职课程为培养医护专业人员的能力提供了现成的机会。需要额外的资源来规范和扩大这些努力，以覆盖所有医护人员。
